Week 2 Flashcards
Metalinguistic Skills
The ability to talk about language, analyze it, think about it, judge it.
Speech
- Verbal means of communicating
- Involves precision in planning and executing specific motor sequences
Three properties of language
- Social tools
- Rule-governed system with underlying rules or patterns that occur repeatedly
- it is generative
Linguistic Competence
- A language user’s underlying knowledge about the systems of rules
- Cannot be measured directly
- We can only directly measure linguistic performance
Linguistic Performance
- Linguistic Knowledge in actual use
- What we observe
Language is…
Generative
Synonyms
Words with almost identical features
Different words that carry similar meanings
Antonyms
are opposites
Discourse
Language activity such as having a conversation or telling a narrative
Two types of speech arts
- Indirect
- Direct
Indirect Speech Art
Several possible interpretations
Direct Speech Art
Only has one interpretation
4 Important aspects in pragmatics
- Turn-taking
- Establishing and maintaining a topic
- Making relevant contributions
- Repair: correcting conversational errors
Cooperation Principles - 4 aspects
- Quantity is important (not too much info, not too little)
- Truthful and based on sufficient evidence
- Relevant
- Direct (avoid vaugeness)
Dialects
- A dialect is a language-rule system used by an identifiable group of people that varies in some way from an ideal language standard
- mutually intelligent
Dialect is influenced by 5 factors…
- Geographical
- Socioeconomic
- Racial or ethnic differences
- Style Shifting (situational variable)
- Peer Groups (situational variable)
Style Shifting
Switching between formal and informal registers based on the situation
Evidence-based practice is…
3 equal parts
- Professional expertise/expert opinion
- Scientific Evidence
- Client/student/family perspective
Equity means…
- Everyone has what they need
- People with different or unequal needs require differential treatment to achieve identical results
Equality means…
- Treating everyone the same
- Making sure everyone has the same opportunities, resources and rights
Behaviorist Theory
- B.F Skinner
- Explains acquisition of verbal behavior
- breaks behavior down into; echoics, mands and tacts
Echoics
Imitate verbal responses whose stimuli are the speech of another person
Mands
Requests
Tact
Group of verbal responses that describe, comment on things around us
Tacts
Socially reinforced by social behaviors like nods, smiles of approval
