Week 2 Flashcards
When and where was the first hospital built?
In Pennsylvania, 1751
When did the nursing code of ethics come out? Who published it?
-Published in 1950
Written by the American Nurses Association (ANA)
When where blood borne pathogens standards established?
1990
Who is considered the founder of ‘modern day nursing?’
Florence Nightingale
What are the three main reasons to define nursing?
-Helps the public understand the value of nursing
-Helps differentiate nurses from other healthcare roles
-Helps nursing students know what’s expected of them as Nurses
What does the term LVN and LPN mean?
-LPN; Licensed practical nurse
-LVN; licensed vocational nurse
Who regulates nursing in California?
Who regulates nursing at the federal level?
-State level; California Board of Registered Nursing
-Federal level; American Nurses Association (ANA)
What are the safe RN to patient staffing ratios for the Operating room or if there’s a trauma patient in the ER?
1 to 1
What are the safe RN to patient staffing ratios for intensive/critical care, neonatal Intensive care? post-anesthesia recovery, Labor and delivery, and ICU patients in the ER
1 to 2
What are the safe RN to patient staffing ratios for the Step down unit?
1 to 3
What are the safe RN to patient staffing ratios for antepartum, postpartum couplets, pediatrics, emergency room, telemetry, any other speciality cares?
1 to 4
What are the safe RN to patient staffing ratios for medical/surgical?
1 to 5
What are the safe RN to patient staffing ratios for psychiatric, or postpartum women only?
1 to 6
What are the 5 stages to Patricia Benner’s “Phases of Nursing”
-Novice
-Advanced Beginners
-Competent
-Proficient
-Expert
What is epidemiology? (From text)
-The study of the distribution and determinants of health conditions and diseases
What is the incidence rate of a disease? (From Text)
-The number of new cases that occur during a specific period
What’s the prevalence rate of a disease? (From text)
-The total number of people who have the disease as any given time
What’s an emerging infection? (From text)
- An infectious disease that has recently increased in incidence
What are the 5 types of pathogens?
-Bacteria
-Virus
-Fungi
-Protozoa
-Prions
What are the 6 environmental characteristics needed for most microbes to survive?
-Nutrients
-Moisture
-Temperature
-Oxygen
-pH and Electrolytes
-Light
What does PICOT stand for?
P- Population
I- Intervention
C- Control
I- Outcome
T- Time
Which covers a larger population; epidemic or pandemic?
Pandemic
What are some of the bodies primary defenses?
-Normal flora of the body
-Skin
-Respiratory tree (mucus)
-Eyes
-Mouth
-Gastrointestinal tract
-Genitourinary tract and anus
What are the bodies secondary defenses?
-Phagocytosis (WBC’s destroying pathogens)
-Complement Cascade
-Inflammation
-Fever
What is active immunity?
When the body makes it’s own antibodies to protect against pathogens
What is passive immunity?
A person receiving antibodies that come from somewhere else besides their own immune system
What is a specific immunity?
When the body’s immune system, learns to recognize and destroy pathogens that have been encountered before
What are some risk factors for contracting MDRO’s?
- Previous exposure to antibiotics
- Impaired immune defense
- Severe illness
- Invasive procedures/devices
- Repeated hospitalization
- Being of advanced age
Who is Dorothea Dix?
Superintendent of the US Army nurses during the Civil War, an advocate for the mentally ill
Who is Clara Barton?
Creator of the American red cross
What are Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster known for?
Pioneers of public health Nursing
Who is Edward Lyon?
The first male nurse
Who was Mary Mahoney?
The first African-American nurse
Who was Lavinia Dock?
Compile the first manual of drugs for nurses in 1890
What is Medicare? Who does it apply to?
Federal health insurance that applies to anyone over the age of 65 or anyone with a disability
What is Medicaid? Who is it for? What is the name of California’s version of Medicaid?
-Medicaid is a state health insurance program (known as medical in California)
- Used for people who are below the poverty line
