Week 2

Question 1

Microorganism

Answer 1

Tiny living organisms that are essential for decomposition and recycling of nutrients

Question 2

What do viruses need to reproduce

Answer 2

Host cell

Question 3

Difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote

Answer 3

Small vs large
Unicellular vs multicellular
No membrane bound organelles vs membrane bound organelles
Asexual reproduction vs sexual reproduction
No nucleus vs nucleus

Question 4

Virus

Answer 4

Not living, no cellular structures, protein capsule, can mutate, antibiotics are ineffective, small

Question 5

Bacteria

Answer 5

Prokaryote, mostly uni-cellular, different shapes, cell wall

Question 6

Protozoa

Answer 6

Eukaryotic, unicellular, usually mobile, no cell wall, membrane bound organelles

Question 7

Fungi

Answer 7

Eukaryote, uni/multicellular, cell wall, produce spores

Question 8

Helminths

Answer 8

Eukaryote, multicellular, large, eggs/larva/adult

Question 9

Pathogenic bacteria optimum

Answer 9

37c

Question 10

Thermophile

Answer 10

Optimum 60c

Question 11

Mesophile

Answer 11

Optimum 25-30c

Question 12

Pyschrophile

Answer 12

Optimum 10c

Question 13

Bacteria optimum pH

Answer 13

7

Question 14

Bacteria - obligate aerobes

Answer 14

Can only grow in presence of O2

Question 15

Bacteria - obligate anaerobes

Answer 15

Can not grow in the presence of O2

Question 16

Bacteria - facultative anaerobes

Answer 16

Prefer 02 but can still survive without

Question 17

Gram stain

Answer 17

Technique to visualise bacteria

Question 18

Gram stain - gram +ve

Answer 18

Thick layer of peptidoglycan, capable of forming spores, high reinfection rate

Question 19

Gram stain - gram -ve

Answer 19

Reinforced with 2nd membrane, more difficult to kill, produce endotoxins

Question 20

Normal flora

Answer 20

Resident flora, usually don’t cause infection, outcompete pathogenic bacteria

Question 21

Normal flora benefits - skin

Answer 21

Reduces pH - change in conditions not ideal for other species

Question 22

Normal flora benefits - oral and vagina

Answer 22

Competes and inhibits pathogens and yeasts

Question 23

Normal flora benefits - intestine

Answer 23

Excrete antibacterial chemicals, synthesis and secrete vitamins, stimulate local immunity

Question 24

Normal flora - possible harmful effects

Answer 24

Competition for nutrients, bacterial synergism, endogenous disease, opportunistic infection

Question 25

Normal flora - common causes of opportunistic infection

Answer 25

Genetic predisposition, chemotherapy or therapies that effect immunity, HIV/AIDS, bone marrow disease, pregnancy