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Biol121 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

‘Cutting open’/scientific study of the body’s structures

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of how the body works/function of body parts and how they work together

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3
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing head level, eyes forward, hands at side palms forward, legs parallel, feet flat on floor

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4
Q

Co-operative hierarchy

A

Need to work together to function

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5
Q

Tissue

A

Two or more cells working together in common function

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6
Q

Organ

A

Two or more tissues working together to achieve common function

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7
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest chemical units of matter

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8
Q

Molecules

A

A group of atoms working together

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9
Q

List of macromolecules

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids/fats, nucleic acids

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10
Q

Macromolecules - protein function

A

Structure/enzymes/hormones/fluid balance/transport

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11
Q

Macromolecules - carbohydrates function

A
  1. Energy production, 2. Energy storage
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12
Q

Macromolecules - lipids/fats function

A

Energy reserve/insulation/messages/protection of organs

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13
Q

Macromolecules - nucleic acids function

A

Control of cellular functions

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14
Q

Cells

A

Group of atoms, molecules and organelles working together/basic unit of life/basic structural and functional units of the body

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15
Q

Four types of primary tissue

A
  1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous
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16
Q

nucleus

A

Controls cellular functions by coding for proteins

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17
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Site of most cellular activities

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18
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis

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19
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Modifies and packages newly synthesised proteins

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20
Q

Mitochondria

A

Site of aerobic cellular respiration , produces 95% off required ATP

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21
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Physical barrier between interior and exterior environments, regulates inputs and outputs of cell

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22
Q

Body cavities

A

Spaces that enclose internal organs, separated by bones ligaments etc.

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23
Q

Functions of body cavities

A

Protect from shocks and impacts, allow to expand and contract without distorting organs and tissues surrounding

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24
Q

Eukaryotic cells contain

A

Membrane bound organelles, nucleus

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25
Prokaryotic cells contain
No membrane bound organelles or nucleus
26
Organelles
Specialised parts of cells that have unique jobs
27
Phospholipid bilayer is selectively permeable based on
Solubility, size and charge
28
Passive movement
Results from the random motion and collisions of ions and molecules (kinetic energy)
29
Active movement
Energy expenditure, ATP is required
30
Simple diffusion
The movement of a molecule directly through the phospholipid bilayer from and area of high concentration to and area of low concentration
31
Facilitated diffusion
The movement of an ion of molecule from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, via a channel or carrier protein
32
Osmosis
The movement of water molecules to an area of higher solute concentration, where the concentration of water is lower
33
Rates of diffusion are influenced by
Distance, molecular site, temperature, concentration gradient, electrical force
34
Isotonic
Same concentration in both ECF and ICF
35
Hypertonic
Higher concentration of solute on the outside of cell compared to inside cell
36
Hypotonic
Lower concentration of solute on the outside of cell compared to inside the cell
37
Connective tissue - structure
Most contain fibrous strands/fluid component
38
Connective tissue - function
Support structure of internal organs, transport of substances, insulation, protection
39
Connective tissue - location
Between different tissues and organs, within and around body organs e.g. blood, bones.cartilage
40
Epithelial tissue - structure
Large sheets of continuous cells
41
Epithelial tissue - function
Protection, secretion, absorption, filtration, excretion
42
Epithelial tissue - location
Body surfaces, line body cavities
43
Epithelial tissue - types
Squamous - flat and scale like Cuboidal - tall and wide Columnar - columned shaped Simple - single layer of cells Stratified - many layers
44
Muscle tissue - structure
Ability to contract and relax
45
Muscle tissue - function
Control body movements internally and externally
46
Muscle tissue - types
Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
47
Cardiac tissue - function and location
Involuntary, wall of heart
48
Smooth tissue - function and location
Partly regulates respiratory tract and blood vessel diameter, involuntary, linings of hollow organs and vessels
49
Skeletal tissue - function and location
Generates movement, voluntary, attached to bones
50
Nervous tissue - function
Communication
51
Nervous tissue - types
Neurons, glia
52
Tissue membranes
Physical barriers that line parts of body
53
Tissue membranes consist of
Epithelial membrane and connective tissue
54
Cutaneous membrane - location
Covers body surface
55
Mucous membrane - function
Protection, lubrication
56
Mucous membrane - location
Lines any system that has direct opening to the external environment
57
Synovial membrane - function
Prevent friction from damaging tissue by secreting synovial fluid for lubrication
58
Synovial membrane - location
Lines cavities of freely movable joints
59
Serous membrane - function
Lubrication
60
Serous membrane - location
Lines organs with cavities not exposed to external environment
61
Homeostasis
Maintaining a stable internal environment, within narrow limits, isn’t he face of external change
62
Feedback systems are cycle of events in which the body’s conditions are
Monitored, evaluated, maintained/changed, re-evaluated
63
Components of feedback systems - controlled condition
Variable that is monitored
64
Components of feedback systems - stimulus
Any disruption to the controlled condition
65
Components of feedback systems - receptor
Detects the change and notifies the control centre
66
Components of feedback systems - control centre
Sets the range, receives information from receptor, evaluates and processes the info, sends output commands to effector
67
Components of feedback systems - effector
Receives commands from control centre and produces the response
68
Components of feedback systems - response
Effect that changes controlled condition
69
Negative feedback loop
Response opposes the initial stimulus to reverse the change
70
Positive feedback loop
Response strengthens or enchanted the stimulus to produce and even greater change

Biol121 (2 decks)

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