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Biol121 > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

‘Cutting open’/scientific study of the body’s structures

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of how the body works/function of body parts and how they work together

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3
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing head level, eyes forward, hands at side palms forward, legs parallel, feet flat on floor

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4
Q

Co-operative hierarchy

A

Need to work together to function

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5
Q

Tissue

A

Two or more cells working together in common function

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6
Q

Organ

A

Two or more tissues working together to achieve common function

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7
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest chemical units of matter

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8
Q

Molecules

A

A group of atoms working together

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9
Q

List of macromolecules

A

Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids/fats, nucleic acids

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10
Q

Macromolecules - protein function

A

Structure/enzymes/hormones/fluid balance/transport

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11
Q

Macromolecules - carbohydrates function

A
  1. Energy production, 2. Energy storage
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12
Q

Macromolecules - lipids/fats function

A

Energy reserve/insulation/messages/protection of organs

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13
Q

Macromolecules - nucleic acids function

A

Control of cellular functions

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14
Q

Cells

A

Group of atoms, molecules and organelles working together/basic unit of life/basic structural and functional units of the body

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15
Q

Four types of primary tissue

A
  1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nervous
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16
Q

nucleus

A

Controls cellular functions by coding for proteins

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17
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Site of most cellular activities

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18
Q

Ribosomes

A

Site of protein synthesis

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19
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

Modifies and packages newly synthesised proteins

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20
Q

Mitochondria

A

Site of aerobic cellular respiration , produces 95% off required ATP

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21
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Physical barrier between interior and exterior environments, regulates inputs and outputs of cell

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22
Q

Body cavities

A

Spaces that enclose internal organs, separated by bones ligaments etc.

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23
Q

Functions of body cavities

A

Protect from shocks and impacts, allow to expand and contract without distorting organs and tissues surrounding

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24
Q

Eukaryotic cells contain

A

Membrane bound organelles, nucleus

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25
Q

Prokaryotic cells contain

A

No membrane bound organelles or nucleus

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26
Q

Organelles

A

Specialised parts of cells that have unique jobs

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27
Q

Phospholipid bilayer is selectively permeable based on

A

Solubility, size and charge

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28
Q

Passive movement

A

Results from the random motion and collisions of ions and molecules (kinetic energy)

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29
Q

Active movement

A

Energy expenditure, ATP is required

30
Q

Simple diffusion

A

The movement of a molecule directly through the phospholipid bilayer from and area of high concentration to and area of low concentration

31
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

The movement of an ion of molecule from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, via a channel or carrier protein

32
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of water molecules to an area of higher solute concentration, where the concentration of water is lower

33
Q

Rates of diffusion are influenced by

A

Distance, molecular site, temperature, concentration gradient, electrical force

34
Q

Isotonic

A

Same concentration in both ECF and ICF

35
Q

Hypertonic

A

Higher concentration of solute on the outside of cell compared to inside cell

36
Q

Hypotonic

A

Lower concentration of solute on the outside of cell compared to inside the cell

37
Q

Connective tissue - structure

A

Most contain fibrous strands/fluid component

38
Q

Connective tissue - function

A

Support structure of internal organs, transport of substances, insulation, protection

39
Q

Connective tissue - location

A

Between different tissues and organs, within and around body organs e.g. blood, bones.cartilage

40
Q

Epithelial tissue - structure

A

Large sheets of continuous cells

41
Q

Epithelial tissue - function

A

Protection, secretion, absorption, filtration, excretion

42
Q

Epithelial tissue - location

A

Body surfaces, line body cavities

43
Q

Epithelial tissue - types

A

Squamous - flat and scale like
Cuboidal - tall and wide
Columnar - columned shaped
Simple - single layer of cells
Stratified - many layers

44
Q

Muscle tissue - structure

A

Ability to contract and relax

45
Q

Muscle tissue - function

A

Control body movements internally and externally

46
Q

Muscle tissue - types

A

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

47
Q

Cardiac tissue - function and location

A

Involuntary, wall of heart

48
Q

Smooth tissue - function and location

A

Partly regulates respiratory tract and blood vessel diameter, involuntary, linings of hollow organs and vessels

49
Q

Skeletal tissue - function and location

A

Generates movement, voluntary, attached to bones

50
Q

Nervous tissue - function

A

Communication

51
Q

Nervous tissue - types

A

Neurons, glia

52
Q

Tissue membranes

A

Physical barriers that line parts of body

53
Q

Tissue membranes consist of

A

Epithelial membrane and connective tissue

54
Q

Cutaneous membrane - location

A

Covers body surface

55
Q

Mucous membrane - function

A

Protection, lubrication

56
Q

Mucous membrane - location

A

Lines any system that has direct opening to the external environment

57
Q

Synovial membrane - function

A

Prevent friction from damaging tissue by secreting synovial fluid for lubrication

58
Q

Synovial membrane - location

A

Lines cavities of freely movable joints

59
Q

Serous membrane - function

A

Lubrication

60
Q

Serous membrane - location

A

Lines organs with cavities not exposed to external environment

61
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining a stable internal environment, within narrow limits, isn’t he face of external change

62
Q

Feedback systems are cycle of events in which the body’s conditions are

A

Monitored, evaluated, maintained/changed, re-evaluated

63
Q

Components of feedback systems - controlled condition

A

Variable that is monitored

64
Q

Components of feedback systems - stimulus

A

Any disruption to the controlled condition

65
Q

Components of feedback systems - receptor

A

Detects the change and notifies the control centre

66
Q

Components of feedback systems - control centre

A

Sets the range, receives information from receptor, evaluates and processes the info, sends output commands to effector

67
Q

Components of feedback systems - effector

A

Receives commands from control centre and produces the response

68
Q

Components of feedback systems - response

A

Effect that changes controlled condition

69
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

Response opposes the initial stimulus to reverse the change

70
Q

Positive feedback loop

A

Response strengthens or enchanted the stimulus to produce and even greater change

Biol121 (2 decks)

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