WEEK 2

Question 1

Define what Public Health is

Answer 1

• is the organized efforts of society to keep people healthy and prevent injury, illness, and premature death
• is a combo of programs, services, and policies that protect and promote the health of all Canadians

Question 2

What are the seven essential functions of the CHN?

Answer 2

Health promotion, health surveillance, population health assessment, disease and injury prevention, health protection, emergency preparation & response

Question 3

What is the leading cause of death in Canada (2020)?

Question 4

What is the leading cause of death in Canada (2020)?

Answer 4

Malignant Neoplasms (80, 973)
-cancerous tumors

Question 5

What are the roles of Public Health Ontario (PHO)?

Answer 5

Partners with the government, public health & health care

• Health surveillance population assessment, disease & injury prevention, health protection, & emergency response & preparation

Question 6

Goal of Public Health Ontario (PHO)?

Answer 6

prevent illness & improve health

Question 7

What is the goal of Health Surveillance & how does it relate to public health Ontario (PHO)?

Answer 7

-goal is to collect onoing analysis of health-related data to detect early signs of illness & disease trends/outbreaks
-is a role of public health ontario (PHO)

Question 8

What is the goal of Population Assessment & how does it relate to public health Ontario (PHO)?

Answer 8

is an evidence-informed process that defines and assesses the health status & needs of a community

Question 9

What is the goal of Disease & Injury Prevention & how does it relate to public health Ontario (PHO)

Answer 9

contributes to the longevity & quality of life of Canadians

-is a role of PHO

Question 10

What is the goal of Health Protection & how does it relate to public health ontario (PHO)?

Answer 10

uses latest evidence to advance knowledge & guidelines for practice

-role of public health ontario (PHO)

Question 11

Primordial Prevention

Answer 11

• prevent conditions that would enable risk factors for disease from developing (environmental, social, behavioural, cultural)
• ie. iodized salt has been used for decades for micronutrient deficiencies, newer evidence suggests we may also need to add folic acid to iodized salt

Question 12

Primary Prevention

Answer 12

• lessening the impact of specific risk factors, & reducing occurence or incidence of a disease (interrupt chain of causality)
• ie. decreasing environmental risks, immunizing against communicable diseases, enhancing nutritional status

Question 13

Secondary Prevention

Answer 13

• identify disease processes early as possible
• disrupts causality of chain where an abnormality is present but manifestation/symptoms are observed
• screening programs
• ie. postpartum depression screening, cervical cancer screening

Question 14

Tertiary Prevention

Answer 14

• reduces impact of long-term disease & dissability by eliminating or reducing impairment or disability
• occurs “after sign or symptom present” & reduces likelihood of progression
• ie. support groups, chronic disease mangement programs

Question 15

Quaternary Prevention

Answer 15

• identifies individuals or populations at risk of over-medication

Question 16

What is the foundation of Health Promotion?

Answer 16

promote, support, maintain, & restore health in individuals, families, communities & populations

Question 17

Health promotion goes beyond addressing health lifestyles, looks at improving ____?

Answer 17

Overall well-being

Question 18

What is the Ottawa Charter?

Answer 18

presented strategies + approaches for health promotion

Question 19

The logo for the Ottawa Charter incorporates __ key action areas for health promotion

Answer 19

5

Question 20

What are the 3 basic strategies for health promotion?

Answer 20

enable, mediate, & advocate

Question 21

Upstream vs Downstream approaches to improving health

Answer 21

Upstream = prevention + promotion strategies focused on policy interventions that benefit the whole population or primary healthcare interventions that focus on well-being by addressing the root cause (macroscopic lens)

Downstream = tertiary prevention, focused on individual tx & cure (microscopic lens)

Question 22

Primary Healthcare
-it is an approach to health focusing on ___?

Answer 22

• is essential healthcare made universally accessible to individuals
• health equity

Question 23

What are the 5 principles that route for better health in social justice?

Answer 23

Accessibility, public participation, health promotion, appropriate technology, intersectoral collaboration or cooperation

Question 24

What was initially created in order to help us understand why people of different socio-economic groups experienced different health outcomes?

Answer 24

Social determinants of health

Question 25

Population Health Promotion

Answer 25

Process of taking action on the interrelated conditions (determinants of health) that affect a population’s health to create change

Question 26

_____ explains the relationship between population health & health promotion?

Answer 26

Population Health Promotion Model (PHPM)