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Social Work > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Canada before the Europeans

A

-The most egalitarian period in the history of care & income security in Turtle Island occurred prior to the arrival of Europeans
-Indigenous groups had complex social structures for sharing wealth & ensuring collective responsibility for the weakest
-Custom, not laws, dictated the responsibilities of Indigenous society members

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2
Q

Social Care of Indigenous peoples

A

-Indigenous People’s traditions of helping included
-Bringing various needs/challenges to community elders
-Consulting traditional helpers & healers
-Utilizing spiritual ceremonies
-Elders, healers & helpers would share their knowledge, abilities, spiritual paths & experiences through:
-Oral traditions/histories & story telling
-Role modeling
-Ceremonies & sharing circles
-Herbal medicine

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3
Q

The History of Social Work & Social Welfare PHASE 1

A

The Era of Moral Reform (The 19th century)= Pre-colonial/Colonial Period

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4
Q

The History of Social Work & Social Welfare PHASE 2

A

The Era of Social Reform (Turn of the 20th century to the 1930’s)

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5
Q

The History of Social Work & Social Welfare PHASE 3

A

The Era of Applied Social Science (Mid-20th century)= The Welfare State Period

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6
Q

The History of Social Work & Social Welfare PHASE 4

A

Erosion of the Welfare State (The late 20th century) = The Era of Erosion

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7
Q

The History of Social Work & Social Welfare PHASE 5

A

What Lies Ahead? (The 21st century) = What Lies ahead

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8
Q

The Medicine Wheel for holistic well-being

A

-Principles of the Medicine Wheel
-Wholeness
-Balance
-Connection
-Harmony
-Growth
-Healing
-Then colonization happened. European settlers came & imposed their own structure/system!

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9
Q

British Feudalism

A

A system of land tenure with Lords & Serfs (5ht-14th century)
-When feudalism was dissolved, parishes/churches took major responsibility for administering charity
-Almshouses for the poor & disabled established in England as early as 1084 (Parish arrangements)

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10
Q

Bubonic plague/ Black Death (1348-49)

A

-Reduced population of Europe
-Created shortage of labourers

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11
Q

King & Parliament attempted to preserve feudal relations

A

-Statue of Labourers passed (1351) You could not ask for more money. Wages were frozen

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12
Q

Statue of labourers (1351)

A

-Workers had too return to their former masters wherever possible & to take whatever employment others offered them if their master had died
-During this period
-No one had the right to refuse/avoid work irrespective of wages and working conditions
-Provision of alms to those who were capable of working became a legal offence punishable by imprisonment

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13
Q

The British Poor Laws (1536-1601)

A

-About 200 years later, population restored
-mass unemployment
-First Poor Law passed in 1536, updated in 1601
-Law aimed at individuals in society not engaged in labour force or ‘contributing to society’ & considered “dependent” on others
-Able bodied people were compelled to work
-Or punished for being idle or begging

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14
Q

In 1531….

A

Parliament decreed the delegated officials seek out paupers (the poor) & registered them
-Beggars needed to have documents/ permit authorizing them to beg or solicit charitable assistance; otherwise, they were severely punished.

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15
Q

PHASE 1: Era of Moral Reform = Precolonial/ Colonial Period

A

-The pre-industrial phase of the development of social work
-French & English Europeans settled in Canada
-Coincided with the colonial period in the history of social welfare
-Private charities associated with religious organizations predominated in “poor relief” provision
-Offering material relief
-Offering lessons in moral ethics

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16
Q

Elizabethan Poor Law (1601)

A

-Established taxation to help the need/ poor
-Established categories of eligibility
-Deserving Poor
-Undeserving poor

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17
Q

Deserving Poor

A

-Dependent Children
were placed with community residents who received a stipend
-Impotent (helpless) Poor
determined to be unable to work
given support or put in poorhouses or almshouses

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18
Q

Undeserving Poor

A

-Able-bodied Poor
forced to work
put into workhouses

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19
Q

English Poor Law Reforms

A

-Resentment developed over aid
-Expensive
-Created dependency
-Ideological trends
- Hostility toward the poor
-Blaming the poor for being poor
-The Principle of “Less eligibility”- Those who receive benefits should be poorer than those who worked
- Benefits must be lower than the lowest wage

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20
Q

The Era of Moral Reform= (PRE) Colonial Period

A

Charity Organization Society (COS)
-In Britain, the Charity Organization Society advanced the concept of self help and limited government intervention to deal with the effects of poverty
-COS claimed to use “scientific principles to root out scroungers and target relief where it was most needed”
-Most famous person associated with COS was Mary Richmond

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21
Q

Charity Organization Society

A

-Utilized “Friendly Visitors”
-Focused on providing moral teaching
-Relied on careful assessment
-Basis of long-term casework
-Relied on apprenticeships

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22
Q

Settling In

A

To bring educated middle-class youth to live among & help urban residents

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23
Q

The Settlement House Movement

A

Focused on the cause of poverty as a social phenomenon rather than as a fault of individuals
-Attitudes/behaviours of social workers were different in both contexts

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24
Q

The most famous social worker associated with the Settlement House Movement.

A

Jane Addams, Hull House, Chicago in 1889.
Inspired by Toynbee Hall (Cannon Bernett) England.

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25
Q

The First Canadian Settlement House

A

The Young Women’s Settlement, was opened in 1899, in Toronto by Sara Libby Carson
-In 1902, the name changed to Evangelia
-Most large Canadian cities had at least one settlement house by WW1
-Early schools of social work were connected to the SH

26
Q

Black Social Work Pioneers Include:

A

-W.E.B Dubois, Ida B. Wells, & Frederick Douglas
-Eugene Kinckle Jones
-Edgar Daniel Nixon

27
Q

PHASE 2 : The Era of Social Reform: Turn of the 20th Century to the 1930’s = The Industrial Period

A

-Coincided with the Industrialization Period in social welfare history
-Transition from private charity to public social welfare
-Scientific philanthropy
-Rise of trained social workers & modern casework
-The World Wars & the Great Depression
-Social Gospel Movement
-Individualism vs. social minimum
-Emergence of Keynesian economic ideas

28
Q

The Emergence of Social Work

A

-Life in society changed from an agrarian to capitalistic and industrial system
-Slums emerged and crime increased
-Industrialists exploited workers, including children….. Children were exploited (worked at bargain-based wages), and not educated
-Urban charities, child welfare agencies and philanthropy became common

29
Q

Scientific Philanthropy

A

-An early approach to social work that rejected moral judgements and encouraged a “scientific” assessment of human behaviour and more systematic approach to finding solutions
-Charities became more organized in order to better deal with the problems of poverty. (started using rules, regulation, policy and theories)
-Skilled/trained workers were required, rather than volunteers and untrained charity visitors
-The shift provided the foundation for the birth of social work as an occupation.

30
Q

The Rise of Trained Social Workers

A

-Training shifted from agency-based volunteer to worker with university-based education
-1914- University of Toronto opens Department of Social Services
-1918- McGill University opens School of Social Study & Training
-1928- UBC Social work program
-1947- The first MSW degree was offered at the University of Toronto
-1964- University of Windsor, first BSW program

31
Q

Social Casework

A

-Modern casework- systematic methods of investigation, assessment and decision making in social work practice strongly influenced by Mary Richmond
-Mary Richmond wrote a 1917 text, Social Diagnosis, which was used in the training of workers
-Strongly influenced by the ‘medical model’

32
Q

Social Diagnosis- “The Social Work Process”

A

-Collection of social evidence, data on family history, and data pertaining to the problem at hand;
Critical examination of the material leading to diagnosis: and;
Development of a case plan with the involvement of the client.

33
Q

Social Gospel, Social Work, and Social Action

A

-During this period of social reform, the social gospel movement had an influence on Canadian social work
-Movements for a more socially oriented church began to appear within the major Protestant churches
-Applied christian ethics to social problems

34
Q

“Social Gospel”

A

social justice + social action
-Service to human being was considered a form of service to god
-Churches still do that in contemporary times
-Social gospel wings of the churches eventually started many of the settlement houses in Canada

35
Q

Social Gospel Movement - J.S. Woodsworth (1874-1942)

A

-Founded & served as secretary of the Social Welfare League in 1913
-he was a pioneer in the Canadian social democratic movement
-He left the church to lay the foundation for, and to become the first leader of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, a social Democratic Party which later became the New Democratic Party

36
Q

The Era of Social Reform 1907

A

The Moral and Social Reform league founded to advocate for social reform

37
Q

The Era of Social Reform 1927

A

The League was replaced by the Canadian Association of Social Workers

38
Q

World War 1 & It’s Aftermath

A

-Produced profound changes in the social and economic structure of Canada
-The federal government began to assume a role in molding social and economic resources to help those in need, such as soldiers returning from the war front.

39
Q

Social Work & The Great Depression

A

-In 1929, American stock market crashed, leading to global economic stagnation
-1930s period of mass unemployment
-1933, nearly one-quarter of labour force unemployed
-Depression shattered idea that market forces should be left unregulated
-unemployment required national response rather than local charity response
-1941 census records 1,805 Canadian Social workers (65% increase over 1931)

40
Q

The Great Depression - The 1929 CRASH

A

-Period of poverty throughout Canada
-In the Prairie provinces (Western Canada) drought destroyed wheat crops
-R.B. Bennet (Conservative party) introduced Relief Act, 1932
-In 1932, Unemployment relief camps created for men
-Mandatory work under military supervision
-single, homeless, unemployed men would receive relief if they moved to relief camps under the authority of the Department of National Defence

41
Q

The “On To Ottawa Trek”

A

-In the U.S Roosevelt introduced the “New Deal”- putting Americans back to work (in public works/ projects)
-Social Security Act & Unemployment Insurance also introduced
-Southern States unwilling to extend eligibility to Blacks
-PM Bennet introduced Employment and Social insurance Act, 1935
-“On to Ottawa Trek” June 1935 & Regina Riot July 1, 1935
-Tensions of the Great Depression
-Poverty & bad working conditions led to protests
-RCMP stopped trekkers at Regina & Riots broke out.

42
Q

Social minimum

A

the notion that the community should ensure that all citizens enjoy at least a minimally decent standard of living
-free public education
-public library
-public health
-Regulation of work conditions

43
Q

From ‘Individualism’ to ‘Social Minimum’

A

-From personal failing to social problem
-poverty was initially seen as a result of personal failing or character flaw
-Poverty became a social problem

44
Q

New thinking/ideas of John Maynard Keynes started taking hold on the country

A

-poverty and unemployment as result of economic and market-driven forces (rather than personal failing)
-Help for poor no longer local or family responsibility but seen as purview of government
-Government started taking responsibility for the unemployable, seniors, single parents
-Social benefits introduced

45
Q

PHASE 3: The Era of Applied Social Science- The 20th Century= The Welfare State Period

A

This period saw a large-scale expansion of the welfare state.
-During World War 2, The Canadian federal and provincial governments began to realize that social services were not a luxury, but a vital part of a smoothly functioning economy.
-In the 1960s, the social work profession renewed its interest in poverty as a result of anti-poverty measures instituted by the federal government.
-Social science disciplines started influencing the social work profession

46
Q

The Era of Applied Social Science- Psychology and Social Work

A

-Theories of Sigmund Freud played an important role
-Freud provided insight into the inner workings of the individual
-Social work shifted from a concern with the societal context to a concern with a person’s psychological make-up
-Social work moved from an active role to a more passive role for the worker.

47
Q

Era of Applied Social Science/ The Structural Approach

A

A newly emerging “structural approach to social work” was especially popular in Canada
-The structural approach: A critique of approaches to individual & family social work
-Seeks explanation for, & solutions to, individual problems within the institutions or structures of society.

48
Q

Era of Applied Social Science/ The Welfare state period

A

-Public acceptance of government intervention & the consolidation of Keynesian economic principles

49
Q

PHASE 4: Erosion of the Welfare State- the late 20th century= The Era of Erosion / The Dismantling Welfare State

A

-Following the 1980s, advanced capitalist countries such as Canada systematically began to dismantle the welfare state.
-From Institutional to residual perspective of social welfare
-Responsibility for the well-being of citizens shifted from the community to individuals and families
-Much of the social welfare foundation established in Canada after World War 2 began to unravel.

50
Q

Erosion/ Neo-Liberalism & globalization characterized this period

A

-Advocates of Neo-liberalism support extensive privatization, fiscal austerity, deregulation, free-trade, & reductions in government spending.
-Led to increasing income inequality, with the rich getting richer & the poor getting poorer
-In many nations, economic restructuring & cutbacks to social programs have been imposed by international agencies, such as World bank & the International Monetary Fund

51
Q

Globalization

A

Integration of international markets for goods, services, & finance

52
Q

Social Work In French Canada/ the Pre-Confederation Model in Quebec

A

-Before Confederation, Quebec modelled its programs after those in France, which included there types of institutions:
-The Hotels-Dieu, which they took care of sick people who had no families
-The Hotels- généraux, which looked after poor homeless people; and
-Les bureaux des pauvres (office of the poor), which were supervised by a priest who organized periodic collections and then distributed the funds to those in need.

53
Q

Social Work In French Canada/ Marguerite Bourgeoys- Canada’s First Social Worker

A

-The first services provided to French settlers were developed by Marguerite Bourgeoys, who was a native of Troyes, France.
-In 1640, she joined an organization of women tasked with educating poor girls whose families could not afford to send them to live with and be educated by the nuns at the monastery.

54
Q

Social Work In French Canada/ The Role of the Catholic Church

A

-From the early part of the 17th century to the 1960’s, health and social services in Quebec were operated and controlled by the Catholic Church
-In 1934, the first social work agency opened its doors in Trois Rivieres, Quebec.
-St Vincent de Paul Societies: Charitable organization imported from France
-first established in Quebec City in 1846 and spread throughout the province
-provided support to poor people, elderly individuals, migrants, and orphans.

55
Q

Social Work In French Canada/ The Quiet Revolution

A

-Everything changed during the 1960s, when Quebec experienced its Quiet Revolution, and the state took back control of health and social services.
-the Catholic Church lost much of its influence
-The professionalized of social work was strengthened by the creation of an organization.

56
Q

…French Canada/ The more recent period in Quebec

A

-The 1960s and 1970s were characterized by an interventionist policy in health and social services
-The decade since have been a complete reorganization of the “welfare state” involving major cutbacks in services
-This was followed by a reduction of state-sponsored programs, a bureaucratization of the profession, and an off-loading of services to the private sector.

57
Q

What Lies Ahead? The 21st Century

A

-Policies of Conservative & liberal governments affected by globalization & neoliberalism
-In 2015, PM Justin Trudeau talked about “growing the middle class”
-Social workers still have an ethical responsibility to continue to advocate for social justice.

58
Q

What Lies Ahead? / Solidarity with Modern Social Movements

A

Modern social movements are focused on global and environmental issues. These movements collaborate with grassroots organizations to respond to the oppressive political, economic, & social; contexts of our daily lives.
-Idle no more
-Anti-globalization Mobilization
-Environmental justice/global climate change movements
-Anti-racist movements

59
Q

What Lies Ahead? Challenges for Social Work Practice

A

1.Relationship building: Social workers will need more advanced relationship-building skills.
2.Collabroative practice: Working with individuals, families, and communities will be increasingly important.
3.Interdisciplinary practice: Teams enhance practice
4.Evidence-based practice: Pressure to show measurable results in relation to the interventions with their clients.
5.Communitiy-based practices: Mutual learning can replace the imposition of Western world views
6.Mobility: Information technologies make geographic boundaries meaningless.

60
Q

International Social Work

A

-Globalization is the context for international social work
4 domains
Domestic Practice
International Practice
Professional Exchange
Policy work & advocacy
-Social workers are expected to respect diversity & be culturally competent
-Advocate for human rights

61
Q

Human Rights

A

universally apply to all human beings because they are human
-Right inherent to our nature, without which we cannot live as human beings

62
Q

Human Rights are…

A

universal; applies to all human beings
inalienable: it can’t be taken away
indivisible: can’t pick or choose- all human rights must be pursued and realized
Inabrogable: can’t be voluntarily given up
Social workers protect the human rights of all people and serve humanity

Social Work (10 decks)

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