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Anatomy Basics > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of bone?

A

Compact (Cortical) Bone
Spongy (Trabecular/Cancellous) Bones

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2
Q

What are the 3 areas of bone spanning the femur?

A

Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Epiphysis

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3
Q

What organisation is observed in Compact Bone?

A

Osteons and Haversian Systems

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4
Q

What are the 3 types of Cartilage?

A

Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrous Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage

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5
Q

What are the 2 main components of bone?

A

Cells and Extracellular Matrix

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6
Q

What are the 3 cell types present in bone?

A

Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes

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7
Q

What are the 3 components of Extracellular Matrix in Bone?

A

Hydroxyapatite Crystals
Collagen
H₂O

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8
Q

What is the structure of Spongy Bone?

A

It is less dense than compact bone and has trabeculae going in many different direction

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9
Q

What are two main components of Cartilage?

A

Cells and Extracellular Matrix

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10
Q

What are the 3 types of Cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of cells found in Cartilage?

A

Chondroblasts
Chondrocytes

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12
Q

What is another name for bone formation?

A

Ossification

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13
Q

What are 2 types of Ossification?

A

Endochondral and Intramembranous

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14
Q

What is Endochondral Ossification?

A

Cartilage model forms which is invaded by blood vessels which leads to ossification (cartilage is replaced with bone)

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15
Q

What is Intramembranous Ossification?

A

Mesenchymal Cells develop into Osteoprogenitor Cells which mature into Osteoblasts that deposit bone.

Left over Mesenchymal cells develop into blood vessels and bone marrow.

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16
Q

Where would you find bone marrow?

A

In the Medullary Cavity

17
Q

What is found in the Medullary Cavity?

A

Bone Marrow

18
Q

What are the 2 types of bone growth?

A

Appositional and Interstitial

19
Q

What do Osteoclasts do?

A

These dissolve bone matrix and resorb it (breakdown into component materials and disperse it)

20
Q

What do Osteoblasts do?

A

They are immature bone cells that come from Osteopregenitor cells of periosteum and Endosteum.

They produce bone matrix and initiate calcification into Osteocytes

21
Q

What do Osteocytes do?

A

They are mature bone cells found in Lacunae

22
Q

What is the function of the Extracellular Matrix?

A

It surrounds bone cells and allows for proliferation, response to growth factors, and differentiation.

23
Q

What is the disorder called when Bone Resorption is greater than Formation?

A

Osteoperosis

24
Q

What is the disorder called when both Bone Resorption and Bone Formation is increased above the normal?

A

Pagets Disease

25
Q

What is the disorder called when there is decreased Bone Resorption?

A

Osteopetrosis

26
Q

What are the 3 types of Joint?

A

Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous

27
Q

What are the 2 types of cartilaginous Joint?

A

Synchondroses (Primary)
Symphyses (Secondary)

28
Q

What do Synchondroses Joints allow?

A

They ossify with age and provide no movement in adults.

29
Q

What do Symphyses Joints allow for?

A

They DO NOT ossify and provide a little movement. Found in midline of body

30
Q

What kind of movement do synovial joint have?

A

They have the greatest movement

31
Q

What is a synovial joint filled with?

A

They have a cavity filled with Synovial Fluid

32
Q

What are articulating surfaces of synovial joint covered with?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

33
Q

What connects bone to bone?

A

Ligaments

34
Q

What connects muscle to bone?

A

Tendons

Anatomy Basics (4 decks)

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