Week 2 Flashcards
What are the 2 types of bone?
Compact (Cortical) Bone
Spongy (Trabecular/Cancellous) Bones
What are the 3 areas of bone spanning the femur?
Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Epiphysis
What organisation is observed in Compact Bone?
Osteons and Haversian Systems
What are the 3 types of Cartilage?
Hyaline Cartilage
Fibrous Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
What are the 2 main components of bone?
Cells and Extracellular Matrix
What are the 3 cell types present in bone?
Osteoblasts
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes
What are the 3 components of Extracellular Matrix in Bone?
Hydroxyapatite Crystals
Collagen
H₂O
What is the structure of Spongy Bone?
It is less dense than compact bone and has trabeculae going in many different direction
What are two main components of Cartilage?
Cells and Extracellular Matrix
What are the 3 types of Cartilage?
Hyaline cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
What are the 2 types of cells found in Cartilage?
Chondroblasts
Chondrocytes
What is another name for bone formation?
Ossification
What are 2 types of Ossification?
Endochondral and Intramembranous
What is Endochondral Ossification?
Cartilage model forms which is invaded by blood vessels which leads to ossification (cartilage is replaced with bone)
What is Intramembranous Ossification?
Mesenchymal Cells develop into Osteoprogenitor Cells which mature into Osteoblasts that deposit bone.
Left over Mesenchymal cells develop into blood vessels and bone marrow.
Where would you find bone marrow?
In the Medullary Cavity
What is found in the Medullary Cavity?
Bone Marrow
What are the 2 types of bone growth?
Appositional and Interstitial
What do Osteoclasts do?
These dissolve bone matrix and resorb it (breakdown into component materials and disperse it)
What do Osteoblasts do?
They are immature bone cells that come from Osteopregenitor cells of periosteum and Endosteum.
They produce bone matrix and initiate calcification into Osteocytes
What do Osteocytes do?
They are mature bone cells found in Lacunae
What is the function of the Extracellular Matrix?
It surrounds bone cells and allows for proliferation, response to growth factors, and differentiation.
What is the disorder called when Bone Resorption is greater than Formation?
Osteoperosis
What is the disorder called when both Bone Resorption and Bone Formation is increased above the normal?
Pagets Disease
What is the disorder called when there is decreased Bone Resorption?
Osteopetrosis
What are the 3 types of Joint?
Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
What are the 2 types of cartilaginous Joint?
Synchondroses (Primary)
Symphyses (Secondary)
What do Synchondroses Joints allow?
They ossify with age and provide no movement in adults.
What do Symphyses Joints allow for?
They DO NOT ossify and provide a little movement. Found in midline of body
What kind of movement do synovial joint have?
They have the greatest movement
What is a synovial joint filled with?
They have a cavity filled with Synovial Fluid
What are articulating surfaces of synovial joint covered with?
Hyaline Cartilage
What connects bone to bone?
Ligaments
What connects muscle to bone?
Tendons
