Week 2

Question 1

The Great Fire

Answer 1

Four-day fire through the city of London. Caused no deaths as people had time to move away, but it burnt city of London. 1666

Question 2

Pepys Diary

Answer 2

FIrst-hand diary of the London Fire. Written by Samuel Pepys who was a navy administrator. Detailed the fire of london.

Question 3

Act for Rebuilding the City of London

Answer 3

February 1667. It proposed that all new buildings had to be constructed of brick or stone against the future perils of fire. It also imposed a maximum number of storeys per house for a fixed number of abodes to eliminate overcrowding

Question 4

The Great Plague

Answer 4

This was the worst outbreak of plague in England since the black death of 1348. London lost roughly 15% of its population. While 68,596 deaths were recorded in the city, the true number was probably over 100,000. Other parts of the country also suffered.

Question 5

Mews

Answer 5

Small street behind circuses and squares. Acted as a place to store horses, but also acted as housing for servants and workers

Question 6

The London Square

Answer 6

The London square evolved as fields around the old walled City of London were converted, first for public recreation and then for housing. Common land outside the city walls had been used for fairs, markets and sport since medieval times.

Question 7

The Royal Society

Answer 7

founded in 1660 to bring together leading scientific minds of the day, and became an international network for practical and philosophical investigation of the physical world.

Question 8

Restoration

Answer 8

Restoration of the monarchy in England in 1660. It marked the return of Charles II as king (1660–85) following the period of Oliver Cromwell’s Commonwealth. The bishops were restored to Parliament, which established a strict Anglican orthodoxy.

Question 9

Puritanism

Answer 9

The Puritans were members of a religious reform movement known as Puritanism that arose within the Church of England in the late 16th century. They believed the Church of England was too similar to the Roman Catholic Church and should eliminate ceremonies and practices not rooted in the Bible

Question 10

Commonwealth

Answer 10

The Protectorate was the period of the Commonwealth during which England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland and the English overseas possessions were governed by a Lord Protector as a republic.

Question 11

The English Civil War

Answer 11

The English Civil War was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists, mainly over the manner of England’s governance and issues of religious freedom.

Question 12

Italian Palladianism

Answer 12

The architecture style is represented by classical form and symmetry and strict proportion.

Question 13

The Stuarts

Answer 13

A royal dynasty that saw flourishing Court culture, but was also ravaged by a plague, war, and fire. Also saw an intense religious debate and crazy politics. Ruled from 1603 to 1714

Question 14

Spanish Armada

Answer 14

18k men and 150 ships navy conquest from Spain. Planned invasion by King Phillip II of Spain. Failed invasion as England was able to beat Spain because of better technologies

Question 15

Huguenots

Answer 15

refugees from French Protestant church in 16th, 17th, and 18th century who escaped to England to escape prosecution

Question 16

Counter-Reformation

Answer 16

Catholic hopes of solidifying doctrines that Protestants opposed: Authority of the pope, veneration of saints, and other abuses and events that sparked the reformation.

Question 17

The Tudors

Answer 17

A royal family, most notably Henry the 8th, was responsible for the religious change. Famous for the Protestant Reformation.

Question 18

Henry’s London Hunting Estate

Answer 18

Henry VIII used Hyde Park, Kensington, and Green Park as a place for hunting games

Question 19

Dissolution of Monasteries

Answer 19

After the Protestant Reformation, Henry VIII broke apart the catholic monasteries and took possession of the land as his own. He would later use that land and redistribute it to nobles and people of high position

Question 20

Protestant Reformation

Answer 20

Henry VIII broke up from the Catholic Church and established Protestantism as the national religion. He tried to marry for a male heir, but he couldn’t since she was catholic(Catherine of Aragon)

Question 21

Dick Whittington

Answer 21

London fable: poor man who lived outside the city, and and moved in then became successful, Metaphor for the opportunities available in the city of London.
Originated in 1300

Question 22

Henry VIII

Answer 22

English King who established the reign of the Catholic Church, and later led the Protestant Reformation. Famous for establishing strong royal navy and increasing the number of ports and shipyards. Also, famous for his many wives(6)

Question 23

civil service

Answer 23

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Question 24

purgavotary of credit

Answer 24

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Question 25

Elizabeth 1

Answer 25

Established Protestantism in England, defeated Spanish Armada, and maintained peace in the land. Also promoted the arts. Daughter of Henry 8

Question 26

Thomas Gresham

Answer 26

English Merchant that created the royal exchange. Founder of the economic principle of Gresham’s Laws(bad money drives good money out)

Question 27

John Stow

Answer 27

Author of Survey of London, which contains detailed monuments, documents, life stories, and customs of London during a transitory period

Question 28

Inigo Jones

Answer 28

British architect is known for birthing British classical architecture. Famous for use of symmetry in building. introduced roman architecture and Italian renaissance style to Britain

Question 29

Charles 1

Answer 29

the horrible king that dissolved Parliament and is blamed for the English civil war

Question 30

Charles 2

Answer 30

Charles went about resurrecting much of what had been suppressed under the Republic. Theatres were soon flourishing again, the Church of England was restored and all manner of entertainments flourished.

Question 31

Samuel Pepys

Answer 31

Famous diarist who wrote a lot about impactful events in London. Coronation of Charles 2, the Great Fire, and the Upper-Class life during the restoration.

Question 32

Christopher Wren

Answer 32

architect attributed with rebuilding London after the Great Fire. City plans included large roads

Question 33

Nicholas Barbon

Answer 33

Set up a system of fire insurance after the Great Fire, promoted to suburbia.

Question 34

Nicholas Hawksmoor

Answer 34

architect under Christopher Wren promoted the English Baroque style of building. Designed 6 London churches with high towers and baroque style.

Question 35

Daniel Burnham

Answer 35

American Architect that helped rebuild Chicago after the Chicago Fire of 1871. Known as the father of skyscrapers

Question 36

Ebenezer Howard

Answer 36

An urban planner who founded the garden city movement: a way to combine commercial, residential, and industrial zoning in a close promiximity. ultimately failed as house prices became too high for workers.

Question 37

Jane Jacobs

Answer 37

urbanist who argued agaisnt urban renewal was a way of of just destroying slums. not helping them. also advocated for “mixed-use” urban development - the integration of different building types and uses, whether residential or commercial, old or new.

Question 38

Lewis Mumford

Answer 38

American author and both critic and advocate for urban sprawl. Argued that urban cities were responsible for many social problems, but urban planning should promote an organic relationship between people and their environment. In the book, What is a city?

Question 39

Le corbusier

Answer 39

Le Corbusier pioneered the residential architectural style known as Dom-Ino.

Question 40

Fleet Street

Answer 40

Busy london street, known as home of the newspaper industry. referered to as the entire british newspaper

Question 41

Kensington

Answer 41

a royal burough, surrounded by service sector. Houses Kensington Palace, which Henry 8 took over during dissolution. Contained Holland House

Question 42

SpitalFields

Answer 42

Acted as a refugee center similar to Soho. Housed Jewish Refugees in tenement houses. First house huguenots(french, then switched to Jews) who practiced silk weaving

Question 43

Hyde Park

Answer 43

established by Henry VIII in 1536 when he took the land from Westminster Abbey and used it as a hunting ground

Question 44

St. Paul’s Cathedral

Answer 44

famous cathedral built by Christopher Wren. Used to be a catholic church but now serves as Anglican due to the reformation.

Question 45

Bloomsbury Square

Answer 45

one of the earliest squares in London. Originally known as the Southampton square. Houses bedford house.

Question 46

Lincoln Inn Fields

Answer 46

Largest public square. housed famous executions, and public affairs

Question 47

Banqueting House

Answer 47

Built by Inigo Jones, the place sole purpose was to hold large events and banquets. Has classical style archicture, deriving from italy and french archictecture,

Question 48

covent garden

Answer 48

famous garden site and market. started by inigo jones. first residential square

Question 49

globe theatre

Answer 49

famous theater that house greats such as shakespeare located in southwark

Question 50

southwark

Answer 50

outhwark was known for its inns, theatres, spas, country resorts, and other places of entertainment and recreation,

Question 51

Smithfield

Answer 51

large and old wholesale meat market

Question 52

Charterhouse

Answer 52

monks from this monastery defied the king’s order to dissolve and were later killed for that. also was used as final resting place during Black Death

Question 53

Whitehall

Answer 53

The Palace of Whitehall (also spelt White Hall) at Westminster was the main residence of the English monarchs from 1530 until 1698, when most of its structures, except notably Inigo Jones’s Banqueting House of 1622, were destroyed by fire.

Question 54

hampton court palace

Answer 54

the King used it to demonstrate magnificence and power in every possible way, through lavish banquets, extravagant court life and fabulously expensive art.