Week 2

Question 1

According to
____________ relativism, moralities and ethical codes are radically different across cultures—and we
can observe this

Answer 1

Descriptive

Question 2

is the position that there are mind-independent facts about ethics that are true and binding even if we have beliefs to the contrary.

Answer 2

Moral realism

Question 3

asserts that all moral claims aretrue relative to groups of individuals or societal opinion (this is the societal version).

Answer 3

ethical relativism

Question 4

is a different view which says that instead of society deciding what is truly right and wrong. It is the individual.

Answer 4

Individual (meta)ethical relativism

Question 5

describing the various moral activities that take place around the world. Such descriptions are valuable in anthropology.

Answer 5

Descriptive ethical relativism

Question 6

Three arguments to support ethical relativism

Answer 6

1. The diversity of moral views
2. Moral uncertainty
3. Situational differences

Question 7

there exists a reality independent of those who know it. There are real, objective facts about goodness.

Answer 7

Moral realism

Question 8

a form of argument meant to disprove a view by showing us the difficult or absurd (hence the name) conclusions that the view being responded to would lead to.

Answer 8

reductio ad absurdum

Question 9

two major problems with relativism

Answer 9

1. No room for moral progress

2. Certain obviously immoral behaviors are morally acceptable simply because they enjoy acceptance by a culture.

Question 10

there are different goods to pursue. Are there many ethical principles that promote different goods? Or one principle that promotes one kind of good?

Answer 10

Moral pluralism