week 2

Question 1

experimental

Answer 1

• reserachers can focus on the possible effects of on eor more factors in many ways
• they manipulate the factors of interset to determine their effects
• they can hold constant ‘controlling’ other factors
• experimental group and control group

Question 2

double blind procedue

Answer 2

eliminates bias

• neither those in the study group or those collecting the data know which group is recieving the treatment
  
  • treatments actual effecys can be seperated from potential placebo effects

Question 3

placebo effect

Answer 3

• effect involves results caused by expedctations alone

Question 4

independent variable

Answer 4

• factor that is manipulated; the variable that may change when the independent variable is manipulated

Question 5

dependent varibale

Answer 5

• factor that is being measured; the variable that may change when the independent variable is manipulated

Question 6

confounding variable

Answer 6

• factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect

Question 7

study design

Answer 7

• design each study
• measure target behaviour
• interpet results
• contribute to understanding of behaviour and mental processes

Question 8

experimental purpose

Answer 8

• test theoretical princples, not re-creations of exact everyday life behaviour

Question 9

resulting principle

Answer 9

• help explain everyday behaviour, not specific findings

Question 10

psychological science

Answer 10

• focuses primarily on seeking general princple that help explain many behaviour, and less on a particular behaviour

Question 11

predicting real beahviour

Answer 11

• can lab experiments illumiate everyday life?
• controlled, artifcal environments are created to test general theoretical princple
  
  • help explain behaviours

Question 12

British Psychological Society - animals ethinics

Answer 12

• has guidelines for reasonable natural living conditions and compaions for social animials

Question 13

american psyvhological association (apa) - animal ethinics

Answer 13

has established huildelines for huamne treatment and minimization of infection, illness and pain

Question 14

ehtinic codes of apa and bps

Answer 14

• obtain potential partipates informated consent before experiment begins
• protect partipates from harm and discomfort
• keep information about individual partipant confidential
  
  • fully debrief people

Question 15

values in research

Answer 15

• affect what is studied, how it is studied and how results are interpreyed
• can colour ‘facts’
  
  • can be infeluenced by popular application of psychology

Question 16

decpetion

Answer 16

• partipates are mislead about nature of research
• controversal- violates informed constent
• permitted only if there is no otehr alternative
  
  • must be debreifed bu competent person about true nature of research

Question 17

decribing data

Answer 17

acurate staisical understanding is important

• casual estimates often misread reality and misinformed
• big, round, undocumated numbers warrant caution
• teaching statiscal reasoning is needed
  
  • the presentation of statiscial information need more transparenct

Question 18

mesearure of central tendency

Answer 18

• mode- most frequenct
• mean- avergae
• median - middle
• positive strewed (right) - mean >median > mode
• negitive strewed (left) - mode> median> mean

Question 19

measures of variation

Answer 19

• range- difference between highest and lowest value
• standard deviation- how much scorea vary from mean
  
  • normal curve - bell shaped