week 1

Question 1

why is there a need for psychological science?

Answer 1

humans cannot reply soley on intution and common sense

source of intuition overestimation

higsight bias

overconfidence

tendency to percieve patterns i random events

scientific inquiry can help us shift reality from illusion

Question 2

scientific method

Answer 2

scientific methos is the process of testing idedas about the world

if data does not fit our ideas, our ideas are modified and tested again

making careful, organized observations

analyzing whether the data fits with our ideas

Question 3

theory

Answer 3

explanation using an integrated set of princples that organized observations and predicts behaviour or events

Question 4

hypothesis

Answer 4

testable prediction, often impilied by a theory

Question 5

operational defienation

Answer 5

carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study

Question 6

operational defienation

Answer 6

carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study

Question 7

replication

Answer 7

repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participates in different situations,, to see wheather the basic finding extends to other partipates and cirumstances

Question 8

a good theory…

Answer 8

efficently organized

leads to clear predictions

often stimuulates researcj

may be replicated

simple explanation

Question 9

testing hypthesisi and refining theories

Answer 9

description
correlation
causation
experiments

Question 10

naturalistic observation

Answer 10

descriptive research is systematic, objective observation of people
it’s goal is to provide a clear, accurate picture of people behvaiours, thoughts and attributes

limiation: if the particupates will be ‘natural’
describes but does not explain
can be releaving

Question 11

case study

Answer 11

examines on individual in depth
provides fruitful ideas
limitations: cannot be used to generalize conclusions

Question 12

survey and interview

Answer 12

examine many cases in less depth

limiations: wording effect

Question 13

random sampling

Answer 13

uses random sampling of the population for best results

Question 14

correaltion

Answer 14

an observation that two traits or attriubes are realted to eachother
a measure of how cloesly two factors vary together, or how well you can predict a change in the other

Question 15

poaitive correlation (0-1)

Answer 15

indicates a direct relationship: two things increase or decrease together

Question 16

negitive correaltion (-1-0)

Answer 16

indicates an inverse realtionship : as one thing increases the other decreases

Question 17

correaltion coefficent

Answer 17

provides a statisical measure of how cloesly two things vary together and how well one predicts the other

Question 18

variable

Answer 18

includes anything that can vary and is feasible and ethincal

Question 19

scatterplot

Answer 19

a graph of clustered dots, eachc of which represent the. values of two variables

Question 20

correlation adn causation

Answer 20

no matter how strong the realtionship is, correaltion deos not prove causation
a correaltion coefficent helps to provide a clearer view fo the world by releaving the extend to which two things relate

Question 21

illusory correlation

Answer 21

the perception of a relationship between two varibales when only a minor or no realtionship actually exists may be feed by regresssion towards mean