Week 1_Does diet really matter? (p. 1 -11)

Question 1

Nutrition (Term)

Answer 1

The science of foods and their components, including the relationships to health and disease; processes within the body; and the social, economic, cultural, and psychological implications of eating.

Question 2

Factors that affect food choices

Answer 2

ENVIRONMENT: the economic, environment, lifestyle, cultural beliefs & traditions, religious beliefs & traditions SENSORY: flavor, texture, appearance COGNITIVE: learned habits, social factors, emotional needs, nutrition and health beliefs, advertising HEALTH STATUS: restrictions, decline in taste sensitivity, age, gender GENETICS: taste sensitivity, preference for sweets, avoidance of bitter, fat tooth.

Question 3

Flavor (Term)

Answer 3

The collective experience that describes both taste and smell.

Question 4

Umami (Term)

Answer 4

Japanese term describing a delicious meaty or savory sensation. Chemically, this taste detects the presence of glutamate.

Question 5

The American Dietetic Association

Answer 5

Changed its name to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Question 6

Obesogenic Environment (Term)

Answer 6

Circumstances in which a person lives, works, and plays in a way that promotes the overconsumption of calories and discourages physical activity and calorie expenditure.

Question 7

Nutrients (Term)

Answer 7

Any substances in food that the body can use to obtain energy, synthesize tissues, or regulate functions.

Question 8

Essential Nutrients (Term)

Answer 8

Substances that must be obtained in the diet because the body either cannot make them or cannot make adequate amounts of them.

Question 9

Phytochemicals (Term)

Answer 9

Substances in plants that may possess health-protective effects, even though they are not essential for life. (Plant chemicals with antioxidant activity)

Question 10

Antioxidant (Term)

Answer 10

A substance that combines with or otherwise neutralizes a free radical, thus preventing oxidative damage to cells and tissues.

Question 11

Macronutrients (Term)

Answer 11

Nutrients, such as carbohydrate, fat or protein, that are needed in relatively large amounts in the diet.

Question 12

Micronutrients (Term)

Answer 12

Nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, that are needed in relatively small amounts in the diet.

Question 13

Organic (Term)

Answer 13

In chemistry, an compound that contains carbon, except carbon oxides and sulfides and metal carbonates. The term is also used to denote crops that are grown without synthetic fertilizers or chemicals.

Question 14

The Classes of Nutrients Are?

Answer 14

Water, Minerals, Proteins, Carbohydrates, Vitamins, & Lipids

Question 15

Carbohydrates (Term)

Answer 15

Compounds, including sugars, starches, and dietary fibers, that usually have the general formula (ch2o)n, where “n” represents the number of ch2o units in the molecule. Carbs are a major source of energy for body functions.

Question 16

Circulation (Term)

Answer 16

Movement of substances through vessels of the cardiovascular or lymphatic system.

Question 17

Lipids (Term)

Answer 17

A group of fat-soluble compounds that include triglycerides, sterols, and phospolipids.

Question 18

Triglycerides (Term)

Answer 18

Fats composed of three fatty acid chains linked to a glycerol molecule.

Question 19

Hormones (Term)

Answer 19

Chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by one tissue and act on cells in another part of the body.

Question 20

Proteins (Term)

Answer 20

Large, complex compounds consisting of many amino acids connected in varying sequences and forming unique shapes.

Question 21

Amino Acids (Term)

Answer 21

Organic compounds that function as the building blocks of protein.

Question 22

Legumes (Term)

Answer 22

A family of plants with edible seed pods, such as peas, beans, lentils, and soybean: also called pulses.

Question 23

Vitamins (Term)

Answer 23

Organic compounds necessary for reproduction, growth, and maintenance of the body. Vitamins are required in miniscule amounts.

Question 24

Minerals

Answer 24

Simple inorganic substances with at least 16 essential to health.

Question 25

The Macrominerals Are?

Answer 25

Needed in relatively larger amounts: sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium.

Question 26

The Microminerals or Trace Minerals Are?

Answer 26

Needed in small amounts: iron, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, iodine, and fluoride.