Week 17 - Anatomy Of The Superficial Face Flashcards
What is the trigeminal nerve designated as?
CN V
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for the supratrochlear innervation?
CN V1
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve provides the supra-orbital innervation?
CN V1
Which nerve is associated with the infratrochlear region?
CN V1
What is the designation for the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve?
CN V2
Which nerves are included under CN V2?
*Zygomatico-temporal
*Zygomaticofacial
*Intra-orbital
What is the designation for the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve?
CN V3
The Great Auricular nerve arise from which nerves?
(C2, C3)
Which nerves are associated with the cervical plexus?
*Great auricular (C2, C3)
*Lesser occipital (C2, C3)
*Greater occipital (C2)
*Third occipital (C3)
Which nerve innervates the lacrimal gland?
CN V1
The auriculotemporal nerve is a branch of which cranial nerve?
CN V3
Fill in the blank: The zygomaticofacial nerve is a branch of _______.
CN V2
True or False: The zygomatico-temporal nerve is part of CN V1.
False
What type of nerves are the great auricular, lesser occipital, and greater occipital classified as?
Spinal nerves
What is the epicranial aponeurosis also known as?
Galea aponeurotica
Which muscle is referred to as the “Frontal belly”?
occipitofrontalis muscle
What are the two parts of the Orbicularis oculi?
- Orbital part
- Palpebral part
Which muscle is responsible for eyebrow movement and is located above the eye?
Corrugator supercilii
What does the palpebral fissure refer to?
The opening between the eyelids
Which muscle is known as the levator labii superioris?
Levator labii superioris
What are the two zygomaticus muscles?
- Zygomaticus minor
- Zygomaticus major
Which muscle is involved in smiling and is located in the cheek area?
Risorius
What is the function of the Depressor septi nasi?
To depress the nasal septum
What are the two main functions of the Orbicularis oris?
- Pursing lips
- Closing lips
Which muscle is known for depressing the angle of the mouth?
Depressor anguli oris
What does the Depressor labii inferioris do?
Depresses the lower lip
What is the function of the Platysma muscle?
To tense the skin of the neck
What action does the Levator anguli oris perform?
Elevates the angle of the mouth
What anatomical structures are associated with the parotid duct and gland?
Salivary functions
What does the oral fissure refer to?
The opening of the mouth
Which muscle is responsible for compressing the cheek?
Buccinator
Which muscle is primarily responsible for chewing and is located in the jaw?
Masseter
What does the term ‘Mentalis’ refer to in this context?
A muscle that elevates and protrudes the lower lip
True or False: All the listed muscles are muscles of facial expression.
False
What view is indicated in the provided text?
Anterior view
What is the epicranial aponeurosis?
A fibrous sheet covering the skull, connecting the frontalis and occipitalis muscles
Which muscle is referred to as the frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis?
Frontalis
What is the temporal fascia?
A layer of connective tissue covering the temporalis muscle
What is the occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis responsible for?
Pulling the scalp backward
What does the stylomastoid foramen transmit?
Facial nerve (CN VII)
Name a muscle that is not a muscle of facial expression.
Superior pharyngeal constrictor
List the branches of CN VII.
- Posterior auricular
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Marginal mandibular
- Cervical
What are the two parts of the orbicularis oculi?
- Orbital part
- Palpebral part
Which muscle elevates the upper lip and dilates the nostrils?
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
What is the function of the zygomaticus major muscle?
To elevate the corners of the mouth
What is the oral fissure?
The opening between the lips
Fill in the blank: The _______ muscle compresses the cheeks against the teeth.
Buccinator
What is the role of the depressor anguli oris?
To depress the corners of the mouth
What is the mentalis muscle responsible for?
Pouting the lower lip
What does the platysma muscle do?
Tenses the skin of the neck
What is the pterygomandibular raphe?
A fibrous band connecting the buccinator and superior constrictor muscles
What is the function of the facial artery?
Supplies blood to the face
What gland is labeled as the salivary gland?
Submandibular gland
What is the origin of the Facial artery?
External carotid artery
Describe the course of the Facial artery.
Ascends deep to submandibular gland; winds around inferior border of mandible and enters face
What is the distribution of the Facial artery?
Muscles of facial expression and face
Where does the Inferior labial artery originate?
Facial artery near angle of mouth
What is the course of the Inferior labial artery?
Runs medially in lower lip
What does the Inferior labial artery supply?
Lower lip
What is the course of the Superior labial artery?
Runs medially in upper lip
What areas does the Superior labial artery supply?
Upper lip and ala (side) and septum of nose
Where does the Lateral nasal artery arise from?
Facial artery as it ascends alongside nose
What is the course of the Lateral nasal artery?
Passes to ala of nose
What does the Lateral nasal artery supply?
Skin on ala and dorsum of nose
What is the terminal branch of the Facial artery?
Angular artery
Where does the Angular artery pass to?
Medial angle (canthus) of eye
What areas does the Angular artery supply?
Superior part of cheek and inferior eyelid
What is the origin of the Occipital artery?
External carotid artery
Describe the course of the Occipital artery.
Passes medial to posterior belly of digastric and mastoid process; accompanies occipital nerve in occipital region
What does the Occipital artery supply?
Scalp of back of head, as far as vertex
What is the origin of the Posterior auricular artery?
External carotid artery
Describe the course of the Posterior auricular artery.
Passes posteriorly, deep to parotid gland, along styloid process between mastoid process and ear
What does the Posterior auricular artery supply?
Auricle of ear and scalp posterior to auricle
What is the origin of the Superficial temporal artery?
Smaller terminal branch of external carotid artery
Describe the course of the Superficial temporal artery.
Ascends anterior to ear to region and ends in scalp
What does the Superficial temporal artery supply?
Facial muscles and skin of temporal frontal and temporal regions
Where does the Transverse facial artery originate?
Superficial temporal artery within parotid gland
What is the course of the Transverse facial artery?
Crosses face superficial to masseter and inferior to zygomatic arch
What does the Transverse facial artery supply?
Parotid gland and duct, muscles and skin of face
What is the terminal branch of the inferior alveolar artery?
Mental artery
Describe the course of the Mental artery.
Emerges from mental foramen and passes to chin
What does the Mental artery supply?
Facial muscles and skin of chin
What are the terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery?
Supra-orbital and Supratrochlear arteries
Describe the course of the Supra-orbital artery.
Passes superiorly from supra-orbital foramen
What does the Supra-orbital artery supply?
Muscles and skin of forehead and scalp and superior conjunctiva
What is the course of the Supratrochlear artery?
Passes superiorly from supratrochlear notch
What is a parietal tributary of the superficial temporal?
A blood vessel that drains into the superficial temporal vein
It is part of the venous drainage system of the head.
What is the cavernous sinus?
A large collection of thin-walled veins located at the base of the skull
It receives blood from the ophthalmic veins and the superficial middle cerebral veins.
Which veins are included in the superficial temporal vein’s tributaries?
- Frontal tributary
- Deep temporal
- Occipital
- Posterior auricular
- Maxillary
- Pterygoid venous plexus
- Retromandibular
- Common facial
- Submental
- Facial
- External jugular
- Internal jugular
- Subclavian
- Brachiocephalic
These tributaries are involved in draining blood from various regions of the head and neck.
What does the retromandibular vein drain?
It drains blood from the face and the superficial structures of the head
It has anterior and posterior divisions.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is formed by the union of the external jugular vein and the internal jugular vein.
Brachiocephalic
What are the components of the anterior and posterior divisions of the retromandibular vein?
- Anterior division
- Posterior division
These divisions help to route blood to different areas.
True or False: The superficial temporal vein does not have any tributaries.
False
Which veins are associated with the ophthalmic region?
- Superior ophthalmic
- Inferior ophthalmic
- Supra-orbital
- Supratrochlear
- Superior palpebral
- Inferior palpebral
- Angular
- External nasal
- Superior labial
These veins drain the orbits and surrounding areas.
What is the origin of the supratrochlear vein?
Begins from venous plexus on forehead and scalp, communicating with frontal branch of superficial temporal vein, its contralateral partner, and supra-orbital vein
The supratrochlear vein serves as a drainage route for the anterior part of the scalp and forehead.
Where does the supratrochlear vein terminate?
Joins supra-orbital vein at the root of the nose
This vein descends near the midline of the forehead.
What area does the supratrochlear vein drain?
Anterior part of scalp and forehead
It plays a role in draining blood from the upper facial region.
What is the origin of the supra-orbital vein?
Begins in forehead by anastomosing with frontal tributary of superficial temporal vein
This vein is crucial for draining blood from the forehead region.
What is the termination point of the supra-orbital vein?
Joins with superior ophthalmic vein
It also joins the supratrochlear vein.
What does the angular vein begin as?
Union of supratrochlear and supra-orbital veins at the root of the nose
This vein is significant for facial drainage.
Where does the angular vein terminate?
Becomes facial vein at inferior margin of orbit
It descends obliquely along the nose.
What areas are drained by the angular vein?
Anterior part of scalp and forehead; superior and inferior eyelids and conjunctiva; may receive drainage from cavernous sinus
This vein connects various regions of the face.
What is the facial vein a continuation of?
Continuation of angular vein past inferior margin of orbit
It plays a key role in facial venous drainage.
What areas does the facial vein drain?
Anterior scalp and forehead; eyelids; external nose; anterior cheek; lips; chin; and submandibular gland
This vein collects blood from a large portion of the face.
What is the origin of the deep facial vein?
Pterygoid venous plexus
It is involved in the drainage of deeper facial structures.
Where does the deep facial vein run?
Runs anteriorly on maxilla superior to buccinator and deep to masseter
It emerges medial to the anterior border of masseter.
What is the termination point of the deep facial vein?
Enters posterior aspect of facial vein
This connection is important for venous return from the face.
What is the origin of the superficial temporal vein?
Begins from widespread plexus of veins on side of scalp and along zygomatic arch
It is a major contributor to venous drainage from the scalp.
Where does the superficial temporal vein terminate?
Joins maxillary vein posterior to neck of mandible to form retromandibular vein
This vein is essential for draining the temporal region.
What areas does the superficial temporal vein drain?
Side of scalp; superficial aspect of temporal muscle; and external ear
It collects blood from various superficial structures.
What is the retromandibular vein formed from?
Union of superficial temporal and maxillary veins
This vein plays a crucial role in venous drainage from the face and neck.
Where does the retromandibular vein run?
Runs posterior and deep to ramus of mandible through substance of parotid gland
It communicates with the facial vein.
What does the retromandibular vein unite with to form the external jugular vein?
Unites with posterior auricular vein
This connection is important for venous return from the head.
What areas does the retromandibular vein drain?
Parotid gland and masseter muscle
It is involved in the drainage of the deep facial structures.
What is the largest of the three paired salivary glands?
The parotid gland
The parotid gland is the largest salivary gland and is significant in both anatomy and function.
Which cranial nerve is embedded within the parotid gland?
Facial nerve (CN VII)
The facial nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles of facial expression.
In which anatomical region is the parotid gland primarily examined during dissection?
Parotid region
Dissection of the parotid region is typically done alongside the dissection of the face.
What is the tough, unyielding capsule that encloses the parotid gland called?
Parotid sheath (capsule)
The parotid sheath is derived from the investing layer of deep cervical fascia.
What is the anatomical relationship of the parotid gland to the external acoustic meatus?
The parotid gland is antero-inferior to the external acoustic meatus
The gland is wedged between the ramus of the mandible and the mastoid process.
What type of tissue between the lobes of the parotid gland provides flexibility?
Fatty tissue
This flexibility allows the gland to accommodate the motion of the mandible.
Where is the apex of the parotid gland located?
Posterior to the angle of the mandible
The apex is a significant anatomical landmark for the gland.
Where is the base of the parotid gland related anatomically?
Zygomatic arch
The relationship to the zygomatic arch is important for understanding the gland’s position.
True or False: The subcutaneous lateral surface of the parotid gland is convex.
False
The subcutaneous lateral surface of the parotid gland is almost flat.
What is the next anatomical region to be dissected after the parotid region?
Infratemporal region and muscles of mastication or carotid triangle of the neck
This sequence is important for understanding the anatomical relationships in the head and neck.
Fill in the blank: The submandibular gland is encountered primarily during dissection of the _______.
Submandibular triangle of the neck
The submandibular triangle is a key area for understanding the anatomy of the submandibular gland.
During which dissection are the sublingual glands primarily encountered?
Dissecting the floor of the mouth
The floor of the mouth is crucial for accessing the sublingual glands.
Which cranial nerve is associated with the parotid plexus?
CN VII
Although CN VII is embedded in the parotid plexus, it does not innervate the gland.
What nerve is closely related to the parotid gland and passes superior to it?
Auriculotemporal nerve
The auriculotemporal nerve is a branch of CN V3 and is associated with the superficial temporal vessels.
Which nerves innervate the parotid sheath and overlying skin?
- Auriculotemporal nerve
- Great auricular nerve
The great auricular nerve is a branch of the cervical plexus composed of fibers from C2 and C3 spinal nerves.
Which cranial nerve supplies presynaptic secretory fibers to the otic ganglion?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
The parasympathetic component of CN IX is responsible for this function.
How are postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers conveyed to the parotid gland?
By the auriculotemporal nerve
These fibers originate from the otic ganglion.
What type of saliva is produced by stimulation of the parasympathetic fibers?
Thin, watery saliva
This secretion is a result of the parasympathetic stimulation.
From where are sympathetic fibers derived that affect the parotid gland?
Cervical ganglia
These fibers travel through the external carotid nerve plexus on the external carotid artery.
What is the effect of sympathetic fibers on secretion from the parotid gland?
May reduce secretion
The sympathetic fibers are involved in vasomotor activity.
Which sensory nerve fibers pass to the parotid gland?
- Great auricular nerve
- Auriculotemporal nerve
These nerves provide sensory innervation to the gland.
