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Climate > Week 16 > Flashcards

Week 16 Flashcards

1
Q

What would mean modern T be without GHG? What is it currently?

A

Current 15’C

Would be ‘20’C

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2
Q

GHG =

A

Trace atmospheric gas, efficiently traps outgoing radiation

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3
Q

Examples of GHGs and some facts

A

H2O

  • short residence time
  • v abundant
  • not directly anthropogenic

CO2

  • long residence time
  • fairly abundant
  • bad

CH4
- double whammy (goes to CO2)

NO2

Sulfur Hexafluoride

  • v long residence time
  • trace b/c didn’t exist until industrial revolution
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4
Q

What is GWP

A

Greenhouse Warming Potential

Relative to CO2 = 1

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5
Q

Blackbody radiation =

A

Every object releases at certain T

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6
Q

Radiative forcing =

A

IPCC: measure of how energy balance of earth/atmosphere system is influenced when factors that affect climate are altered

Balance b/w incoming/outgoing infrared
Index of influence factor has as a climate change mechanism

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7
Q

Triassic background

A

Pangaea interior hot/dry
Uplift in centre

“Hot house”

12C flux (plants)

Marine/terrestrial adaptive radiation due to ecological niches created in P/T extinction

Reptiles

Angiosperms

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8
Q

P/T extinction facts

A

96% marine species
70% terrestrial vertebrates
57% insect families

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9
Q

When was the coal gap

A

In triassic 250-243Ma

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10
Q

What caused the triassic coal gap?

A

Peat forming plant extinction?

Fungal decomposers/insects/tetrapod herbivores evolutionary advance?

Sea level?

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11
Q

Jurassic summary

A

Dinos

Marine vertebrates (reptiles/fish)

Invertebrate nudist corals/belemnites

Coalurosaur dinos –> late Jurassic birds

EARLY = Pangaean supermonsoon winds
Hot interior
–> climate of extremes

LATE = pangaea break up = intercontinental seas
Less dry interior
Seasonal snow/ice polar
No real Gs

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12
Q

Cretaceous EARLY summary

A
  • mild/cool world
  • winter = snow/ice
  • alpine Gs high lats/alts
  • ‘Cool Temperate’ forests polar
  • high SL (+200m) = flooded continental interiors (dino fossils Utah)
  • forced underground CO2 into atmosphere
  • -> rapid positive feedback
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13
Q

Cretaceous LATE summary

A

Warmer than now

No ice at poles

Strong seasonality

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14
Q

Palaeobotanical evidence for Mesozoic warmth

A

Warm-adapted evergreen and breadfruit tree leaves N of Arctic Circle

Faunal/floral remains –> different equator-to-pole T gdt

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15
Q

Mesozoic equator-to-pole gdt

A

Polar T 20-30’C warmer

Ice distribution?
Ocean circulation change?
Continent distribution?
Ocean stratification?
Atmospheric circulation?
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16
Q

Questioning the equator-to-pole gdt

A

BIAS

Maritime coastal environments have abundant fossils

Harsh winter cold continental interior do not

= data-model mismatch?

17
Q

Cretaceous climate facts

A

CO2 4-10X Present Atmospheric Level (PAL)

This and geography do not reflect global T gdt (higher CO2 would suggest +12’C T) ????? CHECK NOTES

  • deep ocean 100Ma filled with warm saline bottom water?
  • cretaceous bottom water formed in tropics/subtropics then moved polewards = transferred heat?
  • if transferred x2 = poles warmed and tropics cooled
18
Q

Volcanism as a reason for increasing CO2

A

Massive plumes at core/mantle boundary = increased MOR spreading and LIPS

19
Q

Chicxulub crater - facts

A

200km wide

Gulf of Mexico

65Ma

10km object

–> K/T extinction -75% all species

20
Q

Chicxulub crater global fire

A

Impact generated winds = flatten and dry forests within 1000km

Ejecta plume = above and heat atmosphere

Atmospheric O 24%

Impact kinetic energy

21
Q

Chicxulub minutes

A

Shock waves
Water/rock vaporised
Tidal waves/firestorms

WARMING

22
Q

Chicxulub days-years

A

Soot/dust stratosphere
Lake/ocean acidification

COOLING

23
Q

Chicxulub decades-centuries

A

Increased atmospheric CO2

WARMING

24
Q

Chicxulub geological t

A

Increased CO2 absorbed by biomass/oceans

Soot settles

Climate (11 decks)

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