Week 15: One Health Flashcards
What is One Health?
Recognizing the inter-connectedness between human, animal, and ecological health, the OHI seeks to increase communication, collaboration, and cooperation across a wide variety of disciplines including human medicine, veterinary medicine, public health,
microbiology, ecology, and others
What are 3 details about the early history of One Health?
Pope Clement XI instructed his physician, Dr. Giovanni Maria Lancisi, to do something about rinderpest
Rinderpest is a highly lethal viral disease of cattle that was devastating the human food supply
Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902), a German
physician and pathologist said, “between animal and human medicine there are no dividing lines–nor should there be.”
What are 3 details about early meat inspection programs?
Virchow’s father was a butcher
Animal experiments on life cycle of
Trichinella spiralis in porcine muscular
tissue
Cysticercosis and tuberculosis in
cattle
What is 1 detail about One Health cause and effect?
One Health is not a new concept, but it has become more important in recent years because many factors have changed the interactions among humans, animals, and the
environment; these changes have caused the emergence and reemergence of many
diseases
Give 3 examples of One Health cause and effects.
Human populations are growing and expanding into new geographic areas (cause)
As a result, more people live in close contact with wild and domestic animals. Close contact provides more opportunities for diseases to pass between animals and people (effect)
The earth has experienced changes in climate and land use, such as deforestation and intensive
farming practices (cause)
Disruptions in environmental conditions and habitats provide new opportunities for diseases to pass to animals (effect)
International travel and trade have increased (cause)
As a result, diseases can spread quickly across the globe (effect)
What are 7 emerging infectious diseases that are zoonotic?
Pandemic Influenza A
HIV/AIDS
West Nile virus
SARS
Monkeypox virus
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Rift Valley Fever
What are 3 CDC Category A biological terrorism agents that are zoonotic?
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis)
Plague (Yersinia pestis)
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses (Ebola, Marburg, Lassa)
What are 9 reasons for the emergence of zoonotic diseases?
Better Reporting and Technology
Microbial Adaptation
Human Population Pressures
Poverty and Susceptibility to Infection
Economic Development and Land Use
Bush Meat Consumption
International Travel
Exotic Animal Trade
Intent to Cause Harm
What are 4 challenges ahead?
As the human population explodes, interactions with new zoonotic agents (e.g. viruses) from animal populations will continue to increase.
Can expect more emerging zoonotic diseases
The One Health Initiative addresses the need for greater collaboration on many
levels (individual, public health, and research) between human, animal, and
public health professionals
Many organizations and individuals endorse the One Health Initiative, but
considerable effort remains to implement the concept nationally and globally
What are 4 domestic and global challenges that require a One Health approach?
Antimicrobial resistance
Avian Influenza: on March 5, 2017, USDA confirmed highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7 in a commercial poultry flock along the Mississippi Flyway
Swine influenza
Smoking
What are 3 examples of One Health in action?
Poisoned sea otters in California
Rift Valley Fever virus vaccine preventing disease in humans and livestock
Lead poisoning investigation in northern Nicaragua
