Week 14: Child Health

Question 0

Common disorders in infants onwards

Skin markings

Answer 0

Cradle cap: dermatitis that affects the scalp on first few months of life. Ecszma is a manifestation of atopic dermatitis

Question 1

Common disorders in infants onwards

Jaundice

Answer 1

-bilirubin elevated die to shortened lifespan of fetalerythrocyts combines with higher erythrocyte mass in neonates.

Question 2

Common disorders in infants onwards

Ankyglossa

Answer 2

Shortened lingual frenulum (underside of tongue) restricting movement. 3-5% of births (relatively uncommon)

Question 3

Common disorders in infants onwards

Plagiocephaly

Answer 3

Diagonal asymmetry across the head. Incidence has risen since changes in sleep recommendation to prevent SIDS. Can occur due to early fusion of sutures, most most often a deformation

Question 4

Common disorders in infants onwards

Developmental Dysplacia of the hip

Answer 4

Abnormal hip development caused by a weakness in hip ligaments due to hormones used by the mother during childbirth, have entered baby’s bloodstream and had the same effect of loosening ligaments,

• may result in stiff joints, legs being different lengths, leaning to one side when standings
• treated by wearing a spinal splint which holds legs in position and allows ligaments to tighten again in the correct position

Question 5

Common disorders in infants onwards

Colic

Answer 5

Crying for 3hrs/ day for more than 3 days/week for more than 3 weeks.
Typically presents as loud, continuous insoluble crying.
-clenched fists and legs pulled up
-peals at 6-8 weeks before stopping at around 3 months

Question 6

Common disorders in infants onwards

Reflux

Answer 6

Vomiting/ regurgitation after meals. Most common in Down syndrome and preterm infants. “Silent” reflux causes coughing and infant distress.

Question 7

Early childhood onwards

Pertussis

Answer 7

Pathogen: borderella pertussis
Coryzal phase: resembles URTI➡ dry cough and nasal discharge for a week
-paroxysmal phase: more pronounced cough which occurs in episodes. Vomiting often follows coughing spasms
-infants <6 months at risk of death

Question 8

Early childhood onwards

Measles

Answer 8

-is now seen infrequently though is highly contagious
-infectious period: 1-2 dats before the onset of symptoms to 4 days after the onset of rash
-prodome: fever, conjunctivitis, cough
Rash: generalised, usually begins on forehead then spreads dismally over entire body to become confluent on the trunk

Question 9

Early childhood onwards

Chicken pox

Answer 9

-pathogen