Week 12: Genitourinary

Question 0

GU conditions

Urinary tract infection and cystitis

Answer 0

UTI= infection of the urinary tract
Cystitis= inflammation of the bladder due to a UTI
Signs and symptoms: supra public and flank pain
-dysuria- pain peeing
-heamaturia-blood in piss

Question 1

What kind of symptoms would you see in a patient who presents to you with genitourinary issue?

Answer 1

• presence of blood cells in the urine
• flank pain
• genital pain
• suprapublic pain
• Painful urination (dysuria)
• abnormally large passes of urine (polyuria)
• nocturia (the need to get up in the night to urinate)
• urinary inconsistence -involuntary leakage of urine/ poor bladder control
• irregularity in female periods

Question 2

Conditions

Renal caluli

Answer 2

-kidney stones; a hard mass formed in kidneys which caused obstruction 
Risks: 
-dehydration 
-recurrent UTI
Signs and symptoms: 
-flank pain and heamaturia
-severe pain!

Question 3

Diabetes 
Insipidus (type 1) 
Mellitus (type 1) 
Mellitus (type 2)

Answer 3

Insipidus (type 1)
-reduction of ADH, therefore losing ability to concentrate urine 
Signs and symptoms: 
-excessive thirst 
-polyuria 
-nocturia

Mellitus (type 1):
-autoimmune destruction of insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. Increased blood glucose levels
Signs and symptoms:
-fatigue, nausea, blurred vision
-polyphagia (increased hunger) and polydipsia (excessive thirst)

Mellitus (type 2) 
-non insulin dependant "lifestyle disease"
Signs and symptoms: 
-High BP 
-high cholestrol
-weight gain

Question 4

BPH and prostate cancer:

Signs and symptoms

Answer 4

BHP: benign enlargement of the prostate
Signs and symptoms of BPH:
-difficulty initiating urination
-weak urine stream ‘dribbling’

Question 5

Pelvic inflammatory disease:

Answer 5

Infection of the female reproductive organs

-caused by some STI’s eg chlamydia and gonorrhea

Question 6

Ectopic pregnancy

Answer 6

Pregnancy in the Fallopian tube or elsewhere outside the womb
-increasing abdominal and pelvic pain

Question 7

Menstrual abnormalities

Answer 7

-absence of menstrual periods
-infrequent or very light
-pain during menstruation
-abnormally heavy and prolonged
History:
-age of onset
-pre/post menapausal

Question 8

Polycystic ovarian disease

Answer 8

Enlargement of ovaries with thickening sclerotic capsules and abnormally high no of follicles
-hirutism, obesity, hyperandrogenism

Question 9

Ovarian cancer

Answer 9

• 50’s
• increase with family history and breast cancer
• bloating, vaginal bleeding, SOB, indigestion, tiredness, abdominal mass

Question 10

Cervical cancer

Answer 10

• exposure to HPV
• oral contraceptive pull, smoking
• pelvic pain
• post-menapausal bleeding
• abnormal discharge

Question 11

Self study
STI’s AND STD’s
Chlamydia

Answer 11

• silent infection - most people don’t realise they have it
• pain whilst urinating/ during sex
• lower abdominal pain
• sore/swollen testes
• can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease in females

Question 12

Self stud

Gonorrhoea

Answer 12

Painful urination➡ burning feeling

• vaginal discharge
• painful swollen testicles
• bleeding between periods
• conjunctivitis
• can also lead to pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 13

Syphilis

Answer 13

• appearance of painful sore. First stage
• skin rashes then start to develop as do mute sores (in the mouth, vagina and anus
• swollen lymph nodes
• loss of hair
• later stages ➡ dementia, paralysis, numbness

Question 14

HIV

Answer 14

Progressive failure of the immune system, allows life threading infections and cancers to thrive

• flu like symptoms
• constant tiredness
• rapid weight loss