Week 13 - Technology and Universal Design Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Architectural Barriers Act? (1968)

A

Requires all buildings designed, constructed, altered, or leased with federal funds to be accessible

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2
Q

Which legislation guaranteed a free, appropriate education to all children with disabilities?

A

Education for Handicapped Children Act (1975) –> very similar to the IDEA Act that is more recent

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3
Q

What is the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990?

A

Prohibited discrimination in employment, access to places of public accommodation, services, programs, public transportation, and telecommunications

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4
Q

True or False: the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Section 504) made it illegal to discriminate based on disability, as long as it applied to federal agencies, public universities, federal contractors, and any other institutions or activities receiving federal funds.

A

True

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5
Q

What is the Fair Housing Amendments Act?

A

Expanded coverage to include families with children and disabilities in having housing opportunities

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6
Q

What is the definition of universal designs, as per Ron Mace in 1997?

A

Design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design

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7
Q

Name the 7 principles of this 1997 version of universal design.

A
1 - Equitable Use
2 - Flexibility in Use
3 - Simple and Intuitive Use
4 - Perceptible Information
5 - Tolerance for Error
6 - Low Physical Effort
7 - Size and Space for Approach and Use
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8
Q

What is the definition of universal designs, as per Steinfeld and Maisel in 2012?

A

A process that enables and empowers a diverse population by improving human performance, health and wellness, and social participation.

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9
Q

What are the 8 principles of this 2012 version of universal design?

A
1 - Body Fit
2 - Comfort
3 - Awareness
4 - Understanding
5 - Wellness
6 - Social Integration
7 - Personalization
8 - Cultural Appropriateness
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10
Q

What is one concept that was discussed as important to universal design in practice?

A

Context! –> How the design affects the immediate surrounding, people, etc.

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11
Q

What are the benefits of creating a curriculum with universal design in mind?

A

Multiple means of: 1) representation, 2) expression, and 3) engagement.

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12
Q

What are the 3 overall goals of universal design, as per Dr. Adley Chan?

A

1 - A design framework/philosophy
2 - Helping people “live life to the fullest”
3 - User friendly and inclusive design

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13
Q

Define presbyopia. Is it progressive? When is starting age usually?

A
  • Loss of elasticity in ciliary muscle and suspensory ligament, resulting in difficulty with near vision (you need to hold things farther away to see)
  • Progressive
  • Starts around 40-50
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14
Q

Define cataracts. Is it correctable? Is it covered by insurance?

A
  • build-up of proteins leading to cloudiness, blurriness, faded colors, and halos of light
  • correctable via surgery
  • covered by insurance usually
  • -> twinkle in the eye post-surgery (like cats)
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15
Q

Define age-related macular degeneration. What are the two types? What are some possible causes?

A
  • macula = central vision and seeing details sharply.
    Dry = thinning, white/yellow deposits of fatty protein, resulting in fuzzy vision
    Wet = growth of abnormal blood vessels, resulting in white-out or dark blurriness in central vision –> straight lines looking wavy
    Possible causes = exposure to sun, genetics, nutritional deficits
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16
Q

Define glaucoma.

A
  • build-up of excess fluid that leads to pressure on the optic nerve, leading to peripheral blindness and tunnel vision
17
Q

Which race is predominantly affected with glaucoma?

A

African Americans

18
Q

Define diabetic retinopathy.

A
  • Uncontrolled diabetes that leads to damaged retinal capillaries, leaking fluids into macula, poor blow flow, growing blood vessels, & hemorrhaging blood vessels –> resulting in decreased near and far vision, and scotomas in vision
19
Q

True or false: Diabetic retinopathy that is associated with people with type II diabetes is usually proliferative.

A

False - it is usually non-proliferative.

20
Q

What is the one of the best ways to push off diabetic retinopathy from occurring?

A
  • Reduce glucose (but people often still experience it)
21
Q

What are exudates?

A
  • Massive cells that leak (probably won’t be so specific on the exam, but I didn’t know the vocab)
22
Q

What are some things that increase risk of getting diabetic retinopathy (aside from diabetes)?

A

Pregnant people, smoking, blood pressure

23
Q

Define presbycusis. What are the two types of losses?

A
  • Progressive deterioration of hearing associated with aging mainly involving higher frequencies
    Conductive loss = blockages (e.g. earwax), infections
    Sensorineural loss = loud environments, head trauma, medications, tumors, HTN, and diabetes –> damage to auditory-vestibular nerve
24
Q

Define tinnitus. What % of people have it? Which gender is affected more?

A
  • Ringing in the ears; 15% of general public have it; men more commonly affected than women.
25
Q

Define assistive technology devices.

A

Any item, piece of equipment or product system whether acquired commercially off the shelf, modified, or customized that is used to increase, maintain or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities

26
Q

Define assistive technology services.

A

Any service that directly assists an individual with a disability in the selection, acquisition, or use of an assistive technology device

27
Q

Name some optical aids. What are some disadvantages?

A

Handheld magnifier, stand magnifier, field expander, telescopes
- easily lost, social implications, not hands-free, decreases how much you can see at once, cannot use while driving

28
Q

Name some nonoptical aids.

A

Enlarged print, high-intensity lamps, high contrast objects (colors, items, etc.)

29
Q

Name some electronic aids. What might you need to do as an OT with electronic aids? Any disadvantages?

A

CCTV, computers, electronic magnifiers

- may need to teach them, can be expensive, most likely immobile

30
Q

What are some alternative pathways to using vision?

A

1 - automatic reading of texts

2 - brail (the dots you can feel)

31
Q

Name the different types of hearing aids.

A

1 - Completely in the Canal (CIC)
2 - In the canal (ITC)
3 - In the Ear (ITE)
4 - Behind the Ear (BTE)

32
Q

Name some hearing loss ATs. Name some disadvantages.

A

TTY/TDD, relay services (can be difficult with more intimate conversations, may take a while to complete), closed captioning, assistive listening devices (amplification), alerting devices (vibrations)

33
Q

What are some important features/considerations for older adults when it comes to technology?

A
1 - easy to use
2 - meaningful/purposeful
3 - social support
4 - economical
5 - available training
6 - privacy
34
Q

What are some important features/considerations for clinicians when it comes to technology prescription?

A
1 - customizable reports
2 - tailored information to the patient
3 - practicality
4 - cost
5 - clinically valuable information
6 - more care vs. less care
35
Q

What are some perks of smartphone use?

A

Only 33% use smart phones, but can help them with reminders, apps that can do a lot of things that don’t require them to show up in person
REMEMBER - NEED TRAINING!

36
Q

How can computer games help older adults in terms of technology?

A

Relaxation and entertainment, improved quality of life from socialization, and sharpening the mind and body