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Adulthood & Aging Final > Week 11 - Mental Health in Aging > Flashcards

Week 11 - Mental Health in Aging Flashcards

1
Q

This type of therapy focuses on internal biases, challenges distortions in thinking (thoughts, appraisals, and assumptions), and involves structured questioning/development of adaptive thoughts

A

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

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2
Q

Is CBT more effective for minor depression or major depression?

A

Minor depression!

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3
Q

T/F: CBT therapy become less effective as an individual ages

A

True

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4
Q

Early phase of CBT

A

Identify

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5
Q

Middle stage of CBT

A

challenge

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6
Q

Final stage of CBT

A

review skills and negotiate ending

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7
Q

Is CBT sufficient in those with low income status?

A

No, income is an issue and those who are low-income need more than just CBT to meet basic needs

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8
Q

This type of therapy reflects back and integrates the present into a meaningful dialogue

A

Reminiscence Therapy

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9
Q

Life Review Therapy does what?

A

replaces negative beliefs with positive reflections

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10
Q

This type of therapy focuses on the present, identifies and generates solutions to problems

A

Problem Solving Therapy

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11
Q

The core of this therapy focuses on the concepts of loss, attachment, and patterns of early influence

A

Short-term psychodynamic therapy

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12
Q

What is the efficacy of CBT for anxiety?

A

Moderate effects, not great, for younger adults

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13
Q

Is internet-based CBT effective?

A

Yes! 65% reported improvement up to 12 months follow up; problem, however, is that older adults might not be able to access the internet

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14
Q

Benefits of mindfulness include what?

A

emotional regulation; reduced rumination; stress reduction; boost in working memory; focus; increased cog flexibility; improved relationship satisfaction; helps with overall physical wellbeing

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15
Q

What is ACT?

A

acceptance and commitment therapy; balances acceptance of thoughts and emotions with valued directed behavior change

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16
Q

This is the forgotten psychological tool

A

“forgiveness”; important for older adults as the reflect on their lives and who has hurt them in some way (which has resulted in anger, hopelessness, and despair)

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17
Q

Forgiveness can help with:

A

creating a “positive intention story,” which helps individuals decrease blame and enhance forgiveness

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18
Q

Mindfulness meditation may help with:

A

pain reduction, improved attention, improved sleep, and achieving wellbeing.

19
Q

T or F: Studies found that mindfulness meditation led to decreased salivary cortisol with decreased depression, worry, and anxiety and improved memory

A

True

20
Q

How does mindfulness work?

A

Behavioral changes associated with neuroplastic changes in the brain. Must train skill to think positively!

21
Q

What are the 4 ways in which mindfulness works?

A

(1) Attention Regulation
(2) Body Awareness
(3) Emotion Regulation
(4) Reappraisal, Extinction, and Reconsolidation

22
Q

Mindfulness: what happens to attention regulation?

A

Attention regulation: experienced meditators have improved executive attention, disregard distractions, improved orienting and alerting, improved conflict monitoring

Particularly useful in treating ADHD, bipolar disorder, post-concussion syndrome, TBI

23
Q

Mindfulness: what happens to body awareness?

A

Increased awareness of the body’s response to an emotional stimulus might thus lead to greater awareness of one’s own emotional life; in turn, an awareness of one’s emotions is a precondition for being able to regulate those emotions

Relevant to the treatment of eating disorders, substance abuse, and PTSD.

24
Q

Mindfulness: what happens to emotion regulation?

A

Emotion Regulation: facilitates a return to baseline following reactivity! Increased L Ant. brain activity associated with positive emotions

Relevant to depression, bipolar, PTSD, borderline personality, OCD, phobias, and anxiety disorders

25
Q

True or False: Older adults are not the most depressed age group

A

True: Happiness rises slightly from ages 18-51 and declines slowly thereafter but this appears very culturally driven. Generally people are happier as they get older; over 70 attend to and savor positivity more than those younger.

26
Q

What causes older adults to suffer from “atypical depression?”

A

Older adults may suffer from “atypical depression” due to changes in sleep, appetite, weight, energy levels, sexual functioning, and due to diffuse or localized pain

27
Q

What age group is at the greatest risk for any mental illness?

A

Female (22%), 26-49 (21.2%), 18-25 (19.6%)

28
Q

Who performed better between 200 younger (ages 20-31) vs older (65-80) on 12 different tasks testing perceptual speed, working memory, and episodic memory—repeated over 100 days?

A

Older staff members were less likely to commit serious errors that are expensive to resolve, observed higher productivity, presented higher consistency in learned strategies to solve the task, were more consistently motivated, and more likely to have a balanced daily routine and stable mood than younger staff members

29
Q

In regards to depression, what is the success rate of antidepressants and CBT? Placebo?

A

Antidepressants/CBT: 65% success rate, Placebo: 45-55% success rate

30
Q

What causes depression?

A

Best guess of behavioral geneticists: 50% genetic set-point, 10% circumstances, 40% what you think and do! We have a lot of power over our mood/state.

31
Q

What are the symptoms of depression?

A

Decreased engagement with increasing avoidance, comorbidity with physical illness masks symptoms, decline in cognitive/executive function

32
Q

What are the occupational performance deficits of depression?

A

Diminished pleasure, loss of energy, decreased attention to ADL’s, withdrawal and isolation, poor sleep, eating too much or too little, poor executive function

33
Q

True or False: The highest completed suicide rate is among older males

A

True

34
Q

What is delirium?

A

Disturbance in consciousness, attention, cognition, and perception. Mostly an issue in medical/surgical settings, rare in the community. Mostly treated by minimizing sedating meds.

35
Q

What symptoms are more common with older adults with depression?

A

In older adults more likely to have symptoms related to poor sleep, decreased energy, psychomotor retardation, decreased interest in living.

36
Q

Less than one third of people taking antidepressant meds have seen a mental health professional in the last year. Why?

A

Professionals don’t want old clients. There is virtually no research specific to this older population.

37
Q

What is Interpersonal Therapy and how effective is it in relation to depression?

A
  • Focuses on interpersonal events and roles
  • Effective, though no better than CBT or other types of psychotherapy
  • Focuses on one or two of these four areas: 1) grief and bereavement, 2) role transitions, 3) role disputes, 4) interpersonal deficits.
38
Q

Mindfulness: what happens to reappraisal, extinction, and reconsolodation?

A

Reappraisal: adaptive process through which stressful events are reconstrued as beneficial, meaningful, or benign.

Extinction: does not erase the initial association between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli but is thought to form a new memory trace

Reconsolidation: strategies allow the mind and neural pathways to be changed, allowing for a more adaptive response to stress

39
Q

What does practicing nonreactivity through mindfulness meditation lead to?

A

nonreactivity leads to unlearning of previous
connections (extinction and reconsolidation)
and thereby to liberation from being bound to
habitual emotional reactions

40
Q

What is self kindness?

A

being kind as opposed to being self critical

41
Q

What is common humanity?

A

seeing one’s experience as indicative of the larger experience of being human

42
Q

What is mindfulness?

A

maintaining one’s thoughts in balanced

awareness rather than over-identifying with them

43
Q

What are 8 things you can do to enhance your brain?

A
  • Smile
  • Stay intellectually active
  • Consciously relax
  • Yawn
  • Meditate
  • Aerobic exercise
  • Dialogue with others
  • Faith

Adulthood & Aging Final (7 decks)

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