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KN 232 - A&P 1 Lab > Week 13 - Muscles of Neck, Chest, Back, Abdominal Wall, Thigh, Leg > Flashcards

Week 13 - Muscles of Neck, Chest, Back, Abdominal Wall, Thigh, Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles that act on hip joint/ thigh?

A

Are on the anterior side…
- Psoas major
- Iliacus
- Psoas minor
(Iliopsoas = Psoas major + Iliacus)

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2
Q

What is the action of the psoas major?

A
  • Flexes the thigh
  • Ipsilateral laterally bends the vertebral column
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3
Q

What is the innervation of the psoas major?

A

L1 - L3

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4
Q

What is the origin of the psoas major?

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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5
Q

What is the insertion of the psoas major?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

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6
Q

What is the action of the iliacus?

A
  • Flexes the thigh
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7
Q

What is the innervation of the iliacus?

A

Femoral nerve

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8
Q

What is the origin of the iliacus

A

Iliac fossa (inner part of ilium - –> area on top of pelvic bone)

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9
Q

What is the insertion of the Iliacus?

A

Lesser trochanter of the femur

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10
Q

What is the action of the psoas minor?

A
  • Aids in flexing the trunk
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11
Q

What is the innervation of the psoas minor?

A

L2-L3

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12
Q

What is the origin of the psoas minor?

A

T12-L1

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13
Q

What is the insertion of the psoas minor

A

Pectineal line of the pubis (top of pubis bone)

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14
Q

What are the posterior muscles of the gluteal region muscles?

A
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gluteus medius (laterally than maximus)
  • Gluteus minimus (inferior to medius)
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15
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus Maximus?

A
  • Extends the thigh (especially when the thigh is in flexed position, agonist)
  • Laterally rotate the thigh
  • Abducts the thigh
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16
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus maximus?

A
  • Inferior gluteal (L5-S2)
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17
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus?

A
  • Dorsal ilium
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
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18
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus?

A
  • Gluteal tuberosity of femur
  • Iliotibial tract
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19
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus medius?

A
  • Abducts the thigh
  • Medially rotates the thigh
  • Stabilizes the pelvis when walking
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20
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal (L4 - S1)

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21
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus medius?

A

Lateral surface of the ilium

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22
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus medius?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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23
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus minimus?

A
  • Abducts the thigh
  • Medially rotates the thigh
  • Stabilizes the pelvis while walking
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24
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteal minimus?

A

Superior gluteal (L4-S1)

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25
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus minimus?

A

Lateral surface of ilium

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26
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus minimus?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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27
Q

What are the 6 deep gluteal, lateral thigh rotators?

A
  • Piriformis
  • Gemellus superior
  • Obturator internus
  • Gemellus inferior
  • Obturator externus
  • Quadratus femoris
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28
Q

What are the actions of the piriformis muscles?

A
  • Abducts the thigh
  • Laterally rotates the thigh
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29
Q

What are the innervations of the piriformis?

A

S1,S2,L5

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30
Q

What is the origin of the piriformis?

A

Sacrum

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31
Q

What is the insertion of the piriformis?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

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32
Q

What are the actions of the gemellus superior?

A
  • Rotates thigh laterally
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33
Q

What are the innervations of the gemellus superior?

A

L5, S1

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34
Q

What is the origin of the gemellus superior

A

Ischius spine of ischium

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35
Q

What is the insertion of the gemellus superior?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

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36
Q

What are the actions of the obturator internus?

A
  • Abducts thigh
  • Laterally rotates the thigh
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37
Q

What is the innervation of the obturator internus?

A
  • L5, S1
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38
Q

What is the origin of the obturator internus?

A

Internal obturator foramen

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39
Q

What is the insertion of the obturator internus?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

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40
Q

What is the action of the gemellus inferior?

A
  • Rotates the thigh laterally
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41
Q

What is the innervation of the gemellus inferior?

A

L5, S1

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42
Q

What is the origin of the gemellus inferior?

A

Lesser sciatic notch of ischium

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43
Q

What is the insertion of the gemellus inferior?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

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44
Q

What is the action of the obturator externus?

A
  • Laterally rotates the thigh
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45
Q

What is the innervation of the obturator externus?

A

Obturator nerve (L3-L4)

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46
Q

What is the origin of the obturator externus?

A

External part of the obturator foramen

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47
Q

What is the insertion of the obterator externus?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

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48
Q

What is the action of the quadratus femoris?

A
  • Laterally rotates the thigh
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49
Q

What is the innervation of the quadratus femoris?

A

L5, S1

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50
Q

What is the origin of the quadratus femoris?

A

Lateral boarder of the ischial tuberosity, near inferior part of the pelvis

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51
Q

What is the insertion of the quadratus femoris?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

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52
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior (knee extensor) compartment of the thigh?

A
  • Sartorius
  • Vastus medialis
  • Rectus femoris
  • Vastus lateralis
  • Vastus intermedius (deep to rectus femoris)
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53
Q

What are the actions of the sartorius?

A
  • Flexes the thigh
  • Flexus the knee
  • Abducts the thigh
  • Laterally rotates the thigh
  • Actions produce a crossed-legged position
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54
Q

What is the innervation of the sartorius?

A

Femoral nerve (L2-L3)

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55
Q

What is the origin of the sartorius?

A

ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)

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56
Q

What is the insertion of the sartorius?

A

Medial side of proximal tibia

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57
Q

What is the action of the vastus medialis?

A

Extends leg

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58
Q

What is the innervation of the vastus medialis?

A

Femoral nerve

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59
Q

What is the origin of the vastus medialis?

A
  • Linea aspera
  • Intertrochanteric line
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60
Q

What is the insertion of the vastus medialis?

A
  • Patella
  • Tibial tuberosity
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61
Q

What are the actions of the vastus lateralis?

A
  • Extends the knee
  • Stabilizes the patella
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62
Q

What is the innervation of the vastus lateralis?

A

Femoral nerve

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63
Q

What is the origin of the vastus lateralis?

A
  • Intertrochanteric line
  • Proximal half of line aspera
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64
Q

What is the insertion of the vastus lateralis?

A
  • Patella
  • Tibial tuberosity
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65
Q

What muscles make up the quadriceps femoris

A

(anterior thigh compartment)
- Vastus medialis
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus intermedius

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66
Q

What is the action of the vastus intermedius?

A
  • Extends leg
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67
Q

What is the innervation of the vastus intermedius?

A

Femoral

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68
Q

What is the origin of the vastus intermedius?

A
  • Anterior and lateral portion of proximal femor
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69
Q

What is the insertion of the vastus intermedius

A
  • Patella
  • Tibial tuberosity
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70
Q

What are the actions of the rectus femoris?

A
  • Extends the knee
  • Flexes the thigh at the hip
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71
Q

What is the innervation of the rectus femoris?

A

Famoral nerve

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72
Q

What is the origin of the rectus femoris?

A

AIIS (Anterior inferior iliac spine)

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73
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus femoris

A
  • Patella
  • Tibial tuberosity
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74
Q

What are the muscles of the medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh?

A
  • Adductor longus
  • Adductor brevis (deep to adductor longus)
  • Adductor magnus
  • Pectineus
  • Gracilis
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75
Q

What are the actions of the adductor longus?

A
  • Adducts the thigh
  • Flexes the thigh
  • Rotates the thigh medially
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76
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor longus?

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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77
Q

What is the origin of the adductor longus?

A

Top point of pubis, near pubic symphesis

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78
Q

What is the insertion of the adductor longus?

A

Linea aspera of femur

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79
Q

What are the actions of the adductor brevis?

A
  • Adducts the thigh
  • Flexes the thigh
  • Rotates the thigh medially
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80
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor brevis?

A

Obturator

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81
Q

What is the origin of the adductor brevis?

A
  • Inferior ramus and body of pubis
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82
Q

What is the insertion of the adductor brevis?

A
  • Upper third of line aspera of femur
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83
Q

What are the actions of the adductor magnus?

A
  • Adducts the thigh
  • Flexes the thigh
  • Rotates the thigh medially
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84
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor magnus?

A
  • Adductor part –> Obturator
  • Hamstring part –> Tibial division of sciatic nerve
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85
Q

What is the origin of the adductor magnus?

A

-Ischial tuberosity
- Ischial ramus
- Inferior ramus of pubis

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86
Q

What is the insertion of the adductor magnus?

A
  • Linea aspera of femur
  • Adductor tubercle of femur
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87
Q

What are the actions of the pectineus?

A
  • Adducts the thigh
  • Flexes the thigh
  • Rotates the thigh medially
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88
Q

What is the innervation of the pectineus?

A

Femoral

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89
Q

What is the origin of the pectineus?

A

Pectineal line of pubis

90
Q

What is the insertion of the pectineus?

A

Pectineal line of femur

91
Q

What are the actions of the gracilis?

A
  • Adducts the thigh
  • Flexes the thigh
  • Flexes the leg medially
  • Rotates the thigh medially
92
Q

What is the innervation of the gracilis?

93
Q

What is the origin of the gracilis?

A
  • Body and inferior ramus of pubis
94
Q

What is the insertion of the gracilis?

A
  • Upper medial surface of proximal tibia (pes anserinus)
95
Q

What 3 muscles form the posterior (flexor) compartment of the thigh? –> make up the hamstrings

A
  • Biceps femoris (short head is deep to long head)
  • Semitendinosus
  • Semimembranosus (deep to semitendinosus)
96
Q

What are the actions of the biceps femoris?

A
  • Extends the thigh
  • Flexes the knee
97
Q

What is the innervation of the biceps femoris?

A
  • Long head –> sciatic
  • Short head –> Common fibular
98
Q

What is the origin of the biceps femoris?

A
  • Long head –> ischial tuberosity
  • Short head –> linea aspera
99
Q

What is the insertion of the biceps femoris?

A
  • Head of fibula
  • Lateral condyle of tibia
100
Q

What is the action of the semitendinosus?

A
  • Extends the thigh
  • Flexes the knee
101
Q

What is the innervation of the semitendinosus?

A

Sciatic nerve

102
Q

What is the origin of the semitendinosis?

A
  • Ischial tuberosity
103
Q

What is the insertion of the semitendinosus

A
  • Medial surface of proximal tibia (pes anserinus)
104
Q

What are the actions of the semimembranosus?

A
  • Extends the thigh
  • Flexes the knee
105
Q

What is the innervation of the semimembranosis?

A

Sciatic nerve

106
Q

What is the origin of the semimembranosus?

A

Ischial tuberosity

107
Q

What is the insertion of the semimebranosus?

A

Posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

108
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral (adbuctor) compartment of the thigh?

A
  • Tensor fascia latae
  • Iliotibial band
109
Q

What are the actions of the tensor fascia latae?

A
  • Abducts the thigh
  • Flexes the thigh
  • Rotates the thigh medially
  • Tightens (tenses) the fascia lata and deep fascia of lateral thigh
110
Q

What is the innervation of the tensor fascia latae?

A

Superior gluteal

111
Q

What is the origin of the tensor fascia latae?

A
  • Iliac crest
  • ASIS
112
Q

What is the insertion of the tensor fascia latae?

A

Iliotibial tract

113
Q

What is the action of the iliotibial band

A

Connective tissue band
- Laterally supports the knee when the tensor fasciae lata contracts

114
Q

What is the origin of the iliotibial band

A

Iliac crest

115
Q

What is the insertion of the iliotibial band?

A

Lateral condyle of tibia

116
Q

What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor hallucis longus
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
117
Q

What muscles make up the lateral (fibular) compartment of the leg?

A
  • Fibularis longus
  • Fibularis brevis
118
Q

What are the actions of the tibialis anterior?

A
  • Dorsiflexes the foot
  • Inverts the foot
119
Q

What is the innervation of the tibialis anterior?

A

Deep fibular

120
Q

What is the origin of the tibialis anterior?

A
  • Lateral condyle and upper diaphysis of tibia
121
Q

What is the insertion of the tibialis anterior?

A
  • First cuneiform (tarsal connecting to metatarsal of big toe)
  • Base of first metatarsal
122
Q

What are the actions of the extensor hallucis longus?

A
  • Extends the big toe
  • Dorsiflexes the foot
123
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor hallucis longus?

A
  • Deep fibular
124
Q

What is the origin of the extensor hallucis longus

A
  • Anterior surface of fibula
  • Interosseous membrane
125
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor hallucis longus?

A
  • Distal phalanx of big toe (1)
126
Q

What is are the actions of the extensor digitorum longus?

A
  • Extends the toes
  • Dorsiflexes the foot
127
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor digitorum longus?

A
  • Deep fibular
128
Q

What is the origin of the extensor digitorum longus?

A
  • Lateral condyle of tibia
  • Anterior surface of fibula
  • Interosseous membrane
129
Q

What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum longus?

A
  • Distal phalanges of toes (2-5)
130
Q

What are the actions of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius?

A
  • Dorsiflexes foot
  • Everts foot
131
Q

What is the innervation of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius?

A

Deep fibular

132
Q

What is the origin of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A
  • Anterior distal surface of fibula
  • Interosseous membrane
133
Q

What is the insertion of the fibularis (peroneus) tertius?

A

Base of metatarsal 5

134
Q

What are the actions of the fibularis longus?

A
  • Everts the foot
  • Plantar flexes the foot
135
Q

What is the innervation of the fibularis longus?

A

Superficial fibular

136
Q

What is the origin of the fibularis longus?

A
  • Head and upper two-thirds of shaft fibula
  • Lateral condyle of tibia
137
Q

What is the insertion of the fibularis longus?

A
  • Base of metatarsal I
  • Medial cuneiform
138
Q

What are the actions of the fibularis brevis?

A
  • Everts the foot
  • Plantar flexes the foot
139
Q

What is the innervation of the fibularis brevis?

A

Superficial fibular

140
Q

What is the origin of the fibularis brevis?

A
  • Midlateral shaft of fibula
141
Q

What is the insertion of the fibularis brevis?

A
  • Base of metatarsal 5
142
Q

What muscles make up the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
143
Q

What parts make up the triceps surae

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
144
Q

What parts make up the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • Popliteus
  • Tibialis posterior
  • Flexor digitorum longus
  • Flexor hallucis longus
145
Q

What are the actions of the gastrocnemius?

A
  • Plantar flexes the foot
  • Assists with knee flexion
146
Q

What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve

147
Q

What is the origin of the gastrocnemius?

A
  • Medial condyle of femur
  • Lateral condyle of femur
148
Q

What is the insertion of the gastrocnemius?

A
  • Posterior surface of calcaneus
149
Q

What is the action of the soleus?

A
  • Plantar flexes the foot
150
Q

What is the innervation of the soleus?

A

Tibial nerve

151
Q

What is the origin of the soleus?

A
  • Head of fibula
  • Proximal tibia
  • Interosseus membrane
152
Q

What is the insertion of the soleus?

A
  • Posterior surface of calcaneus
153
Q

What are the actions of the plantaris?

A
  • Plantar flexes the foot
  • Assists with knee flexion
154
Q

What is the innervation of the plantaris?

A

Tibial nerve

155
Q

What is the origin of the plantaris?

A
  • Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
156
Q

What is the insertion of the plantaris?

A
  • Posterior region of calcaneus
157
Q

What are the actions of the popliteus?

A
  • Knee flexion
  • Laterally rotating the femur on the tibia when walking
158
Q

What is the innervation of the popliteus?

A

Tibial nerve

159
Q

What is the origin of the popliteus?

A

Lateral condyle of femur

160
Q

What is the insertion of the popliteus?

A
  • Posterior surface of tibia
161
Q

What are the actions of the tibialis posterior?

A
  • Inverts the foot and plantar flexion
162
Q

What is the innervation of the tibialis posterior?

A

Tibial nerve

163
Q

What is the origin of the tibialis posterior

A
  • Fibula
  • Tibia
  • Interosseous membrane
164
Q

What is the insertion of the tibialis posterior

A
  • Metatarsals 2-4
  • Navicular bone
  • Cuboid bone
  • All cuneiforms
165
Q

What are the actions of the flexor digitorum longus

A
  • Flexes digits 2-5
  • Plantar flexion
166
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum longus

A

Tibial nerve

167
Q

What is the origin of the flexor digitorum longus

A
  • Posteromedial surface of tibia
168
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor digitorum longus

A
  • Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
169
Q

What are the actions of the flexor hallucis longus?

A
  • Flexes the big toe
  • Plantar flexion
170
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor hallucis longus?

A
  • Tibial nerve
171
Q

What is the origin of the flexor hallucis longus?

A
  • Posterior fibula
  • Interosseus membrane
172
Q

What is the insertion of the flexor hallucis longus?

A
  • Base of distal phalanx of big toe
173
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior thorax?

A
  • Intercostal muscles (external and internal)
  • Serratus anterior
174
Q

What are the actions of the external intercostal muscles?

A
  • Elevates the rib cage
  • Spreading the ribs
  • Assisting in inspiration
175
Q

What are the actions of the internal intercostal muscles?

A
  • Depresses the rib cage
  • Pulls ribs close together
  • Assisting expiration
176
Q

What is the innervation of the intercostal muscles?

A

Intercostal nerve

177
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Origin: Lower border of upper rib
Insertion: Upper border of lower rib
- Run in an oblique way, left top to right bottom diagonally

178
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Origin: Upper border of lower rib
Insertion: Lower border of upper rib
- Run from bottom left to right top, oblique

179
Q

What are the actions of the serratus anterior?

A
  • Scapular protraction
  • Upward scapular rotation
180
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus anterior?

A
  • Long thoracic nerve
181
Q

What is the origin of the serratus anterior?

182
Q

What is the insertion of the serratus anterior?

A

Medial border of scapula

183
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior thorax?

A
  • Serratus posterior superior
  • Serratus posterior inferior
  • Splenius capitis
  • Splenius cervicis
184
Q

What is the action of the serratus posterior superior

A

Elevates ribs

185
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus posterior superior?

A

Intercostal nerve

186
Q

What is the action of the serratus posterior inferior?

A
  • Depresses ribs
187
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus posterior inferior?

A
  • Intercostal nerve
188
Q

What are the actions of the splenius capitis?

A
  • Bilaterally –> neck extension
  • Unilaterally –> Ipsilateral lateral flexion, ipsilateral head rotation
189
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius capitis?

A

Dorsal rami

190
Q

What are the actions of the splenius cervicis?

A
  • Bilaterally –> extends cervical spine
  • Unilaterally –> Ipsilateral lateral flexion, rotation of cervical spine
191
Q

What is the innervation of the splenius cervicis?

A

Dorsal rami

192
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior thorax?

A
  • Iliocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum) –> lateral column
  • Longissimus (thoracis, cervicis, capitis) –> intermediate column
  • Spinalis –> medial column
  • Semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)
193
Q

What are the actions of the Iliocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum) –> lateral column

A
  • Extend vertebral column
  • Ipsilateral lateral flexion of vertebral column
194
Q

What is the innervation of the Iliocostalis (cervicis, thoracis, lumborum) –> lateral column

A

Dorsal rami

195
Q

What are the actions of the longissimus (thoracis, cervicis, capitis) –> intermediate column

A
  • Extend the vertebral column (particularly thoracis)
  • Ipsilateral lateral flexion of vertebral column
196
Q

What is the innervation of the longissimus (thoracis, cervicis, capitis) –> intermediate column

A

Dorsal rami

197
Q

What is the action of the spinalis –> medial column

A
  • Extend the vertebral column
198
Q

What is the innervation of the spinalis –> medial column

A

Dorsal rami

199
Q

What are the actions of the semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)

A
  • Extend the vertebral column
  • Capitis and cervicis extend the
  • Contralateral trunk/head rotation
200
Q

What is the innervation of the semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)

A

Dorsal rami

201
Q

What is the origin of the semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)

A

Transverse processes

202
Q

What is the insertion of the semispinalis (capitis, cervicis, thoracis)

A

Spinous processes

203
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior neck?

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid
  • Scalenes
204
Q

What are the actions of the sternocleidomastoid?

A
  • Bilaterally –> flex head
  • Unilaterally –> flex head, contralateral rotation
  • The accessory muscle of respiration
205
Q

What is the innervation of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

206
Q

What is the origin of the sternocleidomastoid?

A
  • Manubrium of sternum
  • Medial portion of clavicle
207
Q

What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid?

A
  • Mastoid process of temporal bone
208
Q

What are the actions of the scalenes?

A
  • Elevates first two ribs
  • Neck flexion
209
Q

What is the innervation of the scalenes?

A

Cervical spinal nerves

210
Q

What are the muscles of the abdomen?

A
  • Rectus abdominis
  • External abdominal oblique
  • Internal abdominal oblique
  • Transversus abdominis
211
Q

What are the actions of the rectus abdominis

A
  • Flexes the trunk
  • Depresses the ribs
212
Q

What is the innervation of the rectus abdominis?

A

Intercostal

213
Q

What are the origins of the rectus abdominis?

A
  • Xiphoid process of sternum
  • Inferior surfaces of ribs 5-7
214
Q

What is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?

A
  • Superior surface of pubis near symphysis
215
Q

What are the actions of the external abdominal oblique?

A
  • Compresses abdomen
  • Trunk ipsilateral lateral flexion
  • Contralateral trunk rotation
  • Active in forced expiration
216
Q

What is the innervation of the external abdominal oblique?

A

Intercostal nerve

217
Q

What are the origins of the internal abdominal oblique?

A
  • Lumbar fascia
  • Inguinal ligament
  • Iliac crest
218
Q

What are the insertions of the internal abdominal oblique?

A
  • Linea alba
  • Pubic crest
  • Inferior rib surfaces of ribs 9-12
  • Costal cartilages of ribs 8-10
219
Q

What is the action of the transversus abdominis?

A

Compresses abdominal cavity

220
Q

What is the innervation of the transversus abdominis?

A

Intercostal nerve

221
Q

What are the origins of the transversus abdominis

A
  • Iliac crest
  • Cartilages of inferior ribs 7-12
  • Lumbar fascia
  • Inguinal ligament
222
Q

What are the insertions of the transverse abdominis?

A
  • Linea alba
  • Pubic crest

KN 232 - A&P 1 Lab (3 decks)

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