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L3 Plant Sciences > Week 13 L4: Plant Reproduction > Flashcards

Week 13 L4: Plant Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Where do flowers grow from?

A

floral meristems

meristems which form a determinacy

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2
Q

What is a meristem?

A

Pools of stem cells receive signals to promote development of specific tissues.

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3
Q

What is the meristem called when it produces vegetative meristem?

A

vegetative meristem VM

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4
Q

What meristems produce the reproductive structures?

A 
inflorescence (IM) 
floral meristems (fm)
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5
Q

What happens to create flowering structures in arabidopsis?

A

The shoot apical meristem switches to a inflorescence meristem. one way switch

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6
Q

What does inflorescence mean?

A

WORD FR THE FLOWERING STALK OF A PLANT. Shoot meristem to an inflorescence meristem, the plant can make reproductive structures.

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7
Q

What gives rise to floral meristems?

A

inflorescence meristems

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8
Q

What promotes the identity transitions in the flower production?

A

Special TF promote identity transitions

in the floral meristem and within the shoot meristem it gets that inflorescence meristem.

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9
Q

What is reproductive phase change?

A

VM - IM - FM

vegetative meristem

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10
Q

What is the entire flowering structure celled?

A

inflorescence

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11
Q

What do floral meristems determine?

A

meristems which differentiate into floral organs, usually arranged in concentric whirls

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12
Q

What are the 4 whirls in arabidopsis?

A

1: sepals
2: petals
3: stamen
4: carpel

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13
Q

What are the sepals and petals often referred to as?

A

perianth

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14
Q

What are the perianth?

A

sepals and petals which are not involved in reproduction
STERILE
Important in repro strategies, specialised to attract a certain pollinator or promote the pollination in the wind etc

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15
Q

What is the structure that all plants share?

A

perianth

non-reproductive organs

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16
Q

What variations of reproductions organs can plants have?

A

bi-sexual plants with both male stamens and female carpel

or only 1

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17
Q

What are the male reproductive organs?

A

stamens

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18
Q

What is the female reproductive organ?

A

carpels

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19
Q

What non-reproductive organs does a lily have?

A

tepals

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20
Q

What is responsible for the variation in perianth in plants?

A

Their species

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21
Q

Why do floral structures matter?

A

understand the ecology and selection pressures of what goes on

22
Q

Why do plants develop flowers?

A

Pollen dispersal
Less investment in pollen number
Pollinator interactions
Reproductive isolation

Flowers don’t need to make as much pollen as they attract pollinators unlike trees and grass.

23
Q

What is the trees reproduction strategy?

A

coat the world in tree pollen as they cant attract pollinators

24
Q

What does reproductive isolation mean?

A

flowering plants don’t need to be near a mate as the pollinators do the work for them (bridge the gap)

25
Q

How do flowers benefit people?

A

food crops for human consumption, as grain derived from a floret
also are pretty - aesthetics

26
Q

What are the 3 categories of plant?

A

Angiosperms
Gymnosperms
Ferns

27
Q

What the flowering species?

A

ALL ANGIOSPERMS
eudicot
monocot
basal angiosperm

28
Q

What category id Arabidopsis?

A

eudicot

29
Q

What are some examples of gymnosperms?

A

CONIFERS

CYCADS

30
Q

What is sporophyte?

A

diploid multicellular individual of a plant with alteration of generations that begins from diploid zygoyes and produces haploid spores

31
Q

What does it mean to be sporophyte dominant?

A

diploid part of the life cycle is dominant

32
Q

Are gymnosperms sporophyte dominant?

A

YES

33
Q

What is the difference between gametophyte and sporophyte?

A

The multicellular diploid plant structure is called the sporophyte, which produces spores through meiotic (asexual) division. The multicellular haploid plant structure is called the gametophyte, which is formed from the spore and give rise to the haploid gametes.

34
Q

What is the male and female gametophype?

A

F: EMBRYO SAC
M: POLLEN GRAINS

35
Q

Do gymnosperms have a captive gametophyte?

A

YES, it gives rise to the gametes (cones)

36
Q

What is a strobili?

A

cone of gymnosperms

37
Q

In gymnosperms can the sexes be encased in one structure?

A

NO, they are in different structures

38
Q

What are the megasporophyll and microsporophyll?

A

mega : leaf on which mega spores are formed Female

Micro : Male

39
Q

What is the difference in ovules in strobili and flowers?

A

captive gametophyte - Naked ovule in strobili, exposed

flowers are completely enclosed (enclosed gametophyte) in the carpel - advantageous

40
Q

What type of plant has male and females in separate cone?

A

strobili

41
Q

How to gymnosperms pollinate?

A

the tough cone to protect organs means that the plants remain mostly wind or water pollinated

42
Q

How do angiosperms pollinate?

A

phytophageous insects

43
Q

What are phytophageous insects?

A

feed on green plants

44
Q

What are the benefits of angiosperms pollination technique?

A

via insects

Use phytophagous insects to transfer pollen
Reduce quantity of pollen produced
Reduce number of female organs
Increase distance of transfer
Prevailing wind independent
Opens up more ecological niches
Enables co-evolution with pollinators
45
Q

Why do flowering plants have a reduced number of female organs?

A

insects started visiting reproductive structures & the plants exploited this and used it for reproduction, and reduce number of female organs.

46
Q

What are magaspores?

A

a spore in heterosporous plants giving rise to female gametophytes and usually larger than a microspore.

47
Q

What do the megasporophyll close to form?

A

carpel which encloses the ovules

48
Q

What is the megasporangium?

A

ovule

49
Q

What is the anther also known as?

A

microsporangium

50
Q

What is the microsporophyll?

A

stamen

L3 Plant Sciences (17 decks)

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