week 13: hypothesis testing type 1 Flashcards
how to find a viable research topic
- what are your professional interests
- read, read, read
- use clinical experinces
- identify significant questions that were posed and investigated but not answered in a definite manner (there was a small sample size, uncontrolled variables, etc)
ideas to build on existing research
- expand research to a new age group/diagnostic group
- apply different outcome measures
- address questions of social validity
- change the stimuli used
- change the setting of evaluation/treatment
- use up-to date instrumentation
variables
phenomena you plan to observe
independent variable
conditions or manipulations being studied
*what you change
dependent variable
observations or measures obtained
*what you measure
what will a well-written research question include
- includes all variables in an unambiguous way
- it should also include the intent of the research is it to
- –describe persons or circumstances
- -discover relationships between variables
- –identify differences between groups
ways to formulate a research problem
- does not have to be in the form of a question or series of questions
- can be
- –formal hypothesis
- –statement of purpose
- –conditional if-then statement
hypothesis
a formal statement of predicted outcome of the study
Ho
null hypothesis
*based on the assumption that the results will yield no significant differences and/or relationships between variables
Ha
alternative hypothesis
- statement of what the researchers expected to find when they conducted the study
- –directional is stated in a way in which the researchers had reason to believe a particular outcome would happen (such as a positive relationship between 2 variables)
- –non-direction is states in a way that a significant relationship is expected, but no indication of positive or negative effect
two decision options for a hypothesis test
reject the null hypo meaning it is not valid or
fail to reject the bull hypo meaning it is valid
statement of purpose
highly flexible
*explains the focus of nearly any type of research including descriptive, relational, and difference studies
conditional if-then statements
if the findings turn out one way, the study supports a certain conclusion, but if they findings turn out another way, the study supports a different conclusion
what are the criteria for well-informed research questions
- operationalize: give precise, specific details in the description of variables
- experimental treatments needs to be one that other professionals can carry out in a similar way
- –variables also need to be defined in a way that leads to valid and reliable conclusions
what are the 6 steps of hypothesis testing
1) state the hypothesis
2) set a level of risk
3) choose a sample size
4) determine the critical value
5) compute the test statistic
6) accept or reject the null hypothesis