Week 13 external formulations

Question 1

Ringworm

Answer 1

Fungal infection
Main symptoms;
Rash, scaly, dry, swollen or itchy skin
Can appear anywhere on the body, including the scalp (tinea capitis) and groin (jock itch)
TREATMENT:
Terbinafine
Lamisil AT 1% gel, Lamisil Once
-Fungicidal
-Binds to keratin – prevents re-
infection
-1-2 weeks treatment
-18 years only

Question 2

Lamisil AT 1% gel

Answer 2

SOLVENTS:
-Purified water
-Ethanol
-Isopropyl myristate
SURFACTANTS:
-Polysorbate 20
-Sorbitan laurate
VISCOSITY INCREASING AGENT:
-Carbomer
PRESERVATIVE:
-Benzyl alcohol
pH ADJUSTER:
-Sodium hydroxide
ANTIOXIDANT:
-Butylated hydroxytoluene

Question 3

Acne vulgaris

Answer 3

Main symptoms;
Spots, oily skin, hot/painful to touch
6 main types of spot;blackheads,
whiteheads, papules, pustules, nodules, cysts
TREATMENT:
Benzoyl Peroxide
Acneside gel
-Antibacterial & removes dead skin cells
-Start on lower strengths
-Irritation, burning, bleach clothing
-Over 12 years old
-Pregnancy suitable

Question 4

Acneside gel

Answer 4

Question 5

Eczema

Answer 5

Main symptoms; Skin becoming itchy, dry, cracked and sore
Some have small patches of dry skin, others may experience
widespread inflamed skin all
over the body

Question 6

Psoriasis

Answer 6

Main symptoms; Red, flaky, crusty patches of skin covered with silvery scales
Normally appear on elbows, knees, scalp and lower
back, but can appear anywhere
on your body
Can be itchy and sore

Question 7

Eczema and psoriasis

Answer 7

TREATMENT:
MOISTURISING TREATMENTS:
->Applied directly to the skin to soothe and hydrate it
->Cover the skin with a protective film to trap in moisture
Formulations;
*Lotions – hairy or damaged areas of skin
*Sprays – hard-to-reach areas and sore or infected skin
*Creams – daytime
*Ointments – very dry, thickened skin and night-time
*Soap substitutes – instead of normal soap (e.g. Oilatum emollient)
STEROIDS:
*Reduce redness and swelling
(inflammation)
*Mild – Hydrocortisone 0.1-2.5% (1% is P medicine)
*Moderate – Clobetasone butyrate (e.g. Eumovate) (P)
*Potent – Betamethasone valerate 0.1% (POM)
*Very potent – Clobetasol propionate (POM)

Question 8

Oilatum emollient

Answer 8

Question 9

Hydrocortisone

Answer 9

Question 10

Pruritus

Answer 10

Main symptom; Itchy skin
Less serious: Heat rash, skin irritations, insect bites and stings
More serious: Psoriasis, eczema,
scabies, adverse drug reaction, iron deficiency, chronic renal disease
TREATMENT:
Crotamiton
Eurax
-Apply to the affected area 2-3
times daily
-Provides relief from irritation for 6 to 10 hours after each application

Question 11

Eurax

Answer 11