WEEK 12B Flashcards
what are the main types of non-reactive qualitative research?
historical research, content analysis, discourse analysis, critical discourse analysis
what are the main characteristics of historical research?
- Addressing ‘BIG’ questions -social structure, social movement & changes over time
- Gathering the evidence (archival research)
- Interpreting the evidence-varies from one to another (involving subjectivity)-multiple readings of the same historical event
what are the steps of historical research?
- Historical data collection(a particular event or multiple events)
- Theoretical Orientation(Structural Functionalist, Marxist, Feminist)
- People have different theoretical orientation, these are like filters for interpretations of events - Different Interpretations of Historical Events
Is there on truth in historical research?
- Historical reality is socially constructed due to different theoretical positions taken
- Historical realities can be compared and contrasted
- There may be multiple truths Contesting one universal truth
ex. tianmen square massacre, Some people say chinese were fighting fro democracy
Some call it tragedy
how is the past reconstructed in historical research?
A researcher reconstructs what occurred in the past from the evidence
-re-telling a story with a particular viewpoint
what does the quality of data depend on in historical research?
Quality of research depends on the survival of data from the past (e.g., letters & newspapers)
what is the challenge of historical research?
researcher requires prior knowledge of the past event or other cultures
what are the main types of historical evidence?
Primary Sources, Secondary Sources, Existing Records, Recollections
Explain historical evidence type: primary sources
-first-hand information -letters, diaries, newspapers, movies, novels
Explain historical evidence type: secondary sources
-writing of historians who specialize in the study of a particular historical event (reading someone’s interpretation)
Explain historical evidence type: existing records
statistical documents (old census data)
Explain historical evidence type: recollections
-memories, oral history collected through interviews
what are the characteristics of qualitative content analysis?
- Study of recorded human communications(e.g., books, videos, text messages, news papers)
- Contains a set of techniques useful for analyzing and understanding collections of text (e.g., coding, categorization, memo writing)
- Can be either quantitative or qualitative oriented
what are the types of qualitative content analysis?
Mainfest content, latent content
explain qualitative content analysis type: manifest content
Manifest Content-content that is physically present and countable
obvious, in front of you
explain qualitative content analysis type: latent content
-an interpretive reading of the symbolism underlying the physical data
Requires interpretation
Hidden message underneath the data
explain discourse?
-any meaningful use of language (written, oral, signs and symbols, etc.)
explain discourse analysis?
- A type of qualitative analysis of texts that focuses on how knowledge and meaning are created through the use of language.
- ‘Social Construction of Reality through language’
what are the characteristics of discourse analysis?
- Reveal multiple meanings of particular language usage
- Seeing language as a tool to convey various ideologies (e.g., politics, religions)
what are the steps of discourse analysis?
for example: advertisements
textual analysis, visual analysis, findings and discussion
explain critical discourse analysis?
- A multidisciplinary approach to the study of discourse, which views language as a form of social practice
- examines How power is created through the use of language
what are the two main functions of critical discourse analysis?
(1) reinforce and reproduce the current social structures, relations and identities
(2) bring about social actions and changes to the current social condition (politics)
what are the main properties of critical discourse analysis?
- Language use is about making ‘choices’ (e.g., vocabulary, phrases, sentence structures) motivated by different intensions & interests
- Language/discourse is associated with the production & reproduction of exiting power relations or production of new power relations
- CDA makes hidden ideology transparent
