WEEK 12 - REVISION Flashcards
1
Q
What is capnography?
A
- is the non invasive measurement of the partial pressure of CO2 in exhaled breath
2
Q
In accordance with caonography, what is the value measured?
A
- the amount of CO2 detected at the end of expiration, known as the End tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2)
3
Q
What can capnography be used to evaluate?
A
- patient ventilation
- haemodynamics
- metabolism
4
Q
Indications of capnography
A
- Any patient requiring EtCO2 monitoring (e.g. sedation)
- Patients with compromised respiratory effort
- Patients requiring assisted ventilations
- Patients with advanced airway adjunct in situ
5
Q
What is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)?
A
- a non-invasive ventilation technique used for patients who are spontaneously breathing
6
Q
What conditions is CPAP used for?
A
- acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (ACPO)
- acute exacerbation of COPD
- some cases of refractory hypoxia or other respiratory failure.
7
Q
What does CPAP aim to achieve?
A
- aims to relieve respiratory distress and increase pulmonary gas exchange by applying positive pressure during inspiration and expiration (PEEP)
8
Q
What does CPAP do?
A
increases the functional residual lung capacity and prevents collapse of the bronchioles and alveoli
9
Q
How does CPAP effect BP?
A
During use, the increased intrathoracic pressure created by CPAP reduces preload and afterload of the heart, which may effect blood pressure.
10
Q
Indications for CPAP
A
- Severe respiratory distress with spontaneous respirations
- Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema (ACPO)
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
11
Q
Contraindications for CPAP
A
- Respiratory arrest or inadequate respiratory effort
- Pneumothorax
- Trauma –barotrauma, chest, face or airway
- Nausea and/or vomiting
- Hypotensive patients
- GCS < 12
- Active upper GI bleeding or recent gastric surgery
12
Q
Contraindications of a rapid rhino
A
- base of skull fracture or significant facial/nasal bone fractures
