Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

z Geog 111 > Week 12 - Biogeographic Change > Flashcards

Week 12 - Biogeographic Change Flashcards

1
Q

What is biodiversity essentially about?

A

We are essentially talking about variability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the relationship between biodiversity and environmental change?

A

Higher genetic diversity means more resilience to change.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three levels of biodiversity?

A

Genetic, species (most common), ecosystems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variability among living organisms, including diversity within species, between species, and among ecosystems.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many passenger pigeons were there?

A

3-5 billion; the arrows of Xerxes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What were bison skulls used for?

A

Bone meal and fertilizer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some forms of human induced evolution?

A

Pesticide resistance, antibiotic resistance, spread by gene flow, and imposex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the prime focus of biogeographic change?

A

Human induced extinction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many species are there?

A

This is basically unknown, although there are many estimates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which type of animals are particularly problematic when attempting to estimate number of species?

A

Insects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When talking about species extinction, what kind of animals do we have reasonable historical records for?

A

Birds and mammals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why is there a huge bias toward marine fossils?

A

Because of the way sediment preserves remains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where are you going to find insect fossils?

A

Swamps.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the five major extinction events?

A 
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event (KT extinction)
Triassic–Jurassic extinction event
Permian–Triassic extinction event
Late Devonian extinction
Ordovician–Silurian extinction events.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When was the KT extinction event?

A

About 66 Ma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When was the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event?

A

About 220 Ma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When was the Permian–Triassic extinction event?

A

About 251 Ma

18
Q

When was the Late Devonian extinction?

A

About 375 - 360 Ma

19
Q

When was the Ordovician–Silurian extinction events?

A

About 450 - 440 Ma

20
Q

Are we in a sixth extinction event?

A

Some scientists believe so.

21
Q

What makes a species vulnerable to extinction?

A

Endemic species, low reproduction rate, larger species, poor dispersal, need for a stable environment, migration, dangerous to people.

22
Q

What does IUCN stand for?

A

International Union for Conservation of Nature

23
Q

What are the top three causes of extinction?

A

Habitat destruction, followed by hunting, then introduced species.

24
Q

Geographically, where would you find more species extinction threats?

A

In developing countries

25
Q

What is the problem with habitat fragmentation?

A

Isolated patches of good habitat mean small populations that are prone to extinction.

26
Q

What are three kinds of conservation efforts?

A

Protected areas, hunting and trade controls, and captive breeding (zoos, etc.)

27
Q

What is a biodiversity hotspot?

A

A region with high biodiversity and high threat.

28
Q

How many biodiversity hotspots are there in the world?

A

There are 25 regions.

29
Q

What is the difference between conservation and preservation?

A

Conservation means that you attempt to conserve resources, whereas preservation means that you try to protect nature. (Literally: conserve or preserve)

30
Q

What does “overlapping consensus” mean?

A

We don’t need to agree on values, just an end result.

31
Q

What are the challenges faced in species protection?

A

Governance issues, private land, which species make the grade, whether to protect a species or its habitat, and politicization.

32
Q

What is the main causes of biodiversity loss in the rain forest?

A

Agricultural expansion, population pressures, and in Asia corruption.

33
Q

What is paleoecology?

A

The study of past relationships between species and environment.

34
Q

What is the key evidence for paleoecology?

A

Fossils and the sediments or rocks that surround them.

35
Q

What is palynology?

A

The study of pollen.

36
Q

What does palynology show?

A

The population of various plant species, and therefore the climate of that time.

37
Q

What species are commonly used in Quaternary paleoecological studies?

A

Beetles; coleoptera.

38
Q

What is pleistocene refugia?

A

Location of an isolated or relict population of a once more widespread species

39
Q

When does the Anthropocene begin?

A

No exact date, but generally speaking, it begins with the industrial revolution.

40
Q

Why do we have biodiversity hotspots?

A

So that we can better focus our conservation efforts on what’s important.

41
Q

How does palynology work?

A

Pollen fossils show the quantity and type of fauna; the sediment and rocks around it show us at time period; together this shows us the climate at various time periods.

z Geog 111 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions