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NUR305 (2017) > week 12 > Flashcards

week 12 Flashcards

1
Q

RIFLE is the widely accepted approach to dx and classifying AKI. What does RIFLE stand for?

A 
R- risk
I- injury 
F-failure, and outcome criteria of 
L-loss and
E-end-stage disease
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2
Q

Define Anuria?

A

when the kidneys are not producing urine

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3
Q

the conventional classification of ARF is based on the perceived causative mechanisms. What are they?

A
  • prerenal
  • intrarenal (intrinsic)
  • postrenal
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4
Q

what is acute renal failure (ARF)?

A

sudden deterioration of kidney function as a result of physiological injury, to the point where there is retention of nitrogenous waste.

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5
Q

what is acute kidney injury (AKI)?

A

rapid deterioration in renal function (hrs to days).

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6
Q

List the key assessments used in monitoring renal functions

A

-urine output
-serum creatinine and urea levels
-HR + BP
fluid balance and daily weights

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7
Q

A common concern in AKI is fluid overload. What can this cause?

A

it can cause heart failure and pulmonary oedema.

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8
Q

what is renal replacement therapy?

A

any treatment that replaces renal function including intermittent haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

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9
Q

What 2 organs are important to check after trauma in relation to internal bleeding?

A

The liver and spleen

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10
Q

List at least 4 hollow viscera

A
  • stomach
  • spleen
  • gallbladder
  • small intestine
  • colon
  • bladder
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11
Q

List at least 4 solid viscera

A
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • spleen
  • adrenal glands
  • kidneys
  • ovaries
  • uterus
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12
Q

The abdominal walls is divided into 4 quadrants. List them.

A
  • right upper quadrant
  • left upper quadrant
  • right lower quadrant
  • left lower quadrant
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13
Q

List at least 4 causes of abdominal complications.

A
  • infections
  • trauma (blunt/penetrating)
  • inflammation
  • pre-existing conditions
  • cancers
  • organ failure
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14
Q

What is Blumberg’s sign?

A

It is when we choose a site away from tender area, pain on release of pressure.
-rebound tenderness

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15
Q

What is Murphy’s sign?

A

It indicates an inflamed gall bladder.
Pain on deep breath when palpating liver.
-inspiratory arrest

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16
Q

Each nephron contains?

A
  • glomerulus
  • bowmans capsule
  • loop of Henle
17
Q

Define Glomerulonephritis

A

infective/inflammatory process damaging glomerular membrane or a systematic autoimmune illness attacking the membrane

18
Q

Define Nephrotoxicity

A

Damage to nephron from causative agent.

19
Q

what can cause nephrotoxicity? (list 3)

A
  • drugs
  • antibiotics
  • anti-inflammatory
  • cancer drugs
20
Q

Clinical management of ARF is

A 
-reducing further damage
=IV fluid resuscitation
=assessment of renal output
=cease or modify any nephrotoxic drugs
=treat infection with alternate less toxic antibiotics
-nutrition
=enteral or parenternal
-renal replacement therapy (RRT)
=dialysis
21
Q

Renal replacement therapy is required to?

A
  • control blood biochemistry
  • prevent toxin accumulation
  • allow removal of fluids to allow adequate nutrition
22
Q

There are 2 types of liver failure. What are they?

A
  • acute

- chronic

23
Q

define liver failure

A

the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic function as part of normal physiology.

24
Q

Renal therapy options consist of?

A
  • peritoneal dialysis
  • Haemodialysis
  • renal transplant
25
Q

who are most at risk of trauma to the kidneys?

A
  • elderly
  • athletes/sports players
  • children
  • motor bike riders
26
Q

what is a possible complication of a broken pelvis due to trauma?

A

transection of femoral arteries

27
Q

define pre-renal kidney failure?

A

affected by things that are outside of the kidneys such as blood flow

28
Q

Define Intra-renal kidney failure

A

things that are affected by a mechanism within the kidney

29
Q

Define post-renal failure

A

affected by mechanisms that are below the kidneys such as the bladder.

30
Q

List some possible causes of pre-renal failure

A
  • hypovolaemia

- decreased cardiac function

31
Q

what is Acute tubular Neurosis (ATN)?

A

damage to the tubular portion of the nephron

32
Q

what is the criteria for renal replacement therapy?

A
  • RRT may be commenced if the pt has 1 of the select criteria
  • mandatory/urgent RRT for a pt that has 2 or more of the selection criteria
33
Q

what is acute liver failure?

A

-it is the rapid development of hepatocellular dysfunction in a pt without known prior liver disease

34
Q

what is chronic liver failure?

A

-liver failure that developed over time due to conditions such as: Hep B and C, alcohol, metabolic or immune diseases

NUR305 (2017) (13 decks)

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