Week 12

Question 1

What does the arrow in sugar when shorthand abbreviated indicate?

Answer 1

The reducing end of the sugar.

Question 2

How can you identify a non-reducing sugar from its shorthand abbreviation?

Answer 2

Arrows point both ways and products are the same on both sides.

Question 3

O-glycosidic bonds are formed by the process of?

Answer 3

Condensation.

Question 4

Which side is the hydroxyl group for an L-isomer for

Answer 4

Left hand side of the carbon

Question 5

The headgroup of glycerophospholipids is attached to the glycerol backbone by?

Answer 5

Phosphodiester bond

Question 6

What is the most naturally occurring fatty acids?

Answer 6

Cis fatty acids

Question 7

How do you calculate lipid nomenclature?

Answer 7

Count the number of bonds zigzagging top to bottom: e.g. 17.

Find the first hydrogen bonded to carbon from top to bottom e.g 9

Find any more but only count the first one bonded: e.g 9, 14

So the nomenclature equals:

17:2 Δ9,14

Question 8

Name some statements true of primary transporters?

Answer 8

They are directly powered by ATP hydrolysis.

Different types can pump substrates into or out of cells.

Question 9

What is starch composed of?

Answer 9

Amylose and amylopectin

Question 10

F-actin is assembled into branched filament networks by?

Answer 10

Arp2/3

Question 11

Where is the electron transport chain located in the chloroplast?

Answer 11

Thylakoid membrane

Question 12

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 12

Cytosol

Question 13

In mitochondria ATP synthase molecules harness the _______-_______ force to generate ATP as H+ ________ from the intermembrane space to the matrix.

Answer 13

proton motive
diffuses

Question 14

Is ATP an energy character?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

Which organelle is required for stage 1 of photosynthesis?

Answer 15

The chloroplast

Question 16

A radioactively labelled protein is made by cells and its journey is followed through various organelles. After 6, 8 & 12 hours, radioactivity remains detected mostly in the Golgi apparatus.

Answer 16

Post-translational import took place.

Question 17

Cells take up cholesterol as low-density lipoprotein by the process of?

Answer 17

Receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 18

The process of actin treadmilling happens because?

Answer 18

ATP-actin adds to the + end and ADP-actin dissociates from the - end

Question 19

Given two genes that are 8cM apart, if I plant 2000 seeds, how many recombinant offspring do I expect to obtain?

Answer 19

160

Question 20

In a test cross examining two genes of interest, I obtained 3000 offspring.
Of these, 2850 were parental type and 150 were recombinant. What is the genetic distance between the two genes?

Answer 20

5cM

Question 21

In a test cross examining two genes of interest, I obtained 2000 offspring.
Of these, 1960 were parental type and 40 were recombinant.
What is the genetic distance between the two genes?

Answer 21

2cM

Question 22

Men have only one X chromosome, while women have two. We say that males are …………….. for the X chromosome. [fill in the blank]

Answer 22

Hemizygous

Question 23

The mallorn tree has bark that may be either smooth and grey, or rough and brown. These traits are are affected by two linked genes on chromosome 7. The Lothlorien variety has smooth grey bark, while the Mirkwood variety has rough brown bark. I have set up a back cross experiment to measure the distance between the two genes concerned. Out of 3000 seedlings, I observed:

1555 with smooth grey bark
1385 with rough brown bark
35 with rough grey bark
25 with smooth brown bark
What is the genetic distance between the two genes?

Answer 23

2cM

Question 24

Which of the following statements best explains why modification or change in an organ or tissue during an individual’s lifetime is not inherited?

Answer 24

Characteristics acquired during an organism’s life are generally not passed on through genes.

Question 25

In a family where the father is colourblind, and the mother is a carrier for colourblindness, which of the following is true of their children?

Answer 25

On average, 50% of all children will be colourblind regardless of sex

Question 26

In Asgardian peaches, fruit sweetness and colour are affected by two linked genes on chromosome 3. The wild type tree bears sour yellow fruit, while the domesticated trees have sweet orange fruit. I have set up a back cross experiment to measure the distance between the two genes concerned. Out of 2000 seedlings, I observed:

920 with sour yellow fruit
880 with sweet orange fruit
120 with sour orange fruit
80 with sweet yellow fruit

Answer 26

10cM

Question 27

In Draenor womp-rats, fur coloration is affected by a gene with two alleles S and s. S is a dominant “spotty” allele that leads to the formation of white spots of unpigmented fur. S shows complete penetrance for spotting on the chest and back, and low penetrance for spotting on the legs. In an F1 cross between an S / s male and an S / s female…

Answer 27

25% off the offspring will be completely unspotted

Question 28

I have a female tortoiseshell cat with mackerel tabby stripes. Before she was neutered, she had a litter of four kittens as follows:

1 ginger male with classic tabby stripes
1 black male with no stripes (abyssinian pattern)
1 tortoiseshell female with mackerel tabby stripes
1 ginger female with no stripes (abyssinian pattern)
What colour was the father?

Question 30

Answer 28

Ginger male with no stripes(Abyssinian pattern)