Week 10

Question 1

What is the hybridization state of the carbon atom in methane (CH4)?

Answer 1

sp3

Question 2

What is the shape of a methane (CH4) molecule?

Answer 2

Tetrahedral

Question 3

Which element is not essential for life as we know it?

Rb, C,H, O or N?

Answer 3

Rb, Rubidium

Question 4

Which bond is stronger: hydrogen or covalent?

Answer 4

Covalent bond

Question 5

True or false

Water molecules can form hydrogen bonds?

Answer 5

True.

Question 6

True or false

Methane molecules can form hydrogen bonds?

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Is lactose a reducing or non-reducing sugar?

Answer 7

Lactose is a reducing sugar

Question 8

Which functional groups can react together to form an O-glycosidic bond?

Answer 8

Alcohol group+ hemiacetal group.

Question 9

The vast majority of carbohydrates found in Nature are?

Answer 9

D-isomers.

Question 10

Which functional group is formed during the reaction between 2 monosaccharides to form a disaccharide?

Answer 10

Acetal group

Question 11

The nucleus, an organelle found in eukaryotic cells, confines the __________, keeping them separated from other components of the cell.

Answer 11

chromosomes

Question 12

Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane?

Answer 12

Phospholipids and proteins

Question 13

Which of the following models forms the basis for our current understanding of the plasma membrane?

Answer 13

Fluid mosaic model proposed by Singer and Nicolson

Question 14

Which type of microscope can produce a resolution of 0.2nm?

Answer 14

electron microscope

Question 15

What is a common appropriate label for the thickness of a membrane?

Answer 15

5nm(nanometres)

Question 16

What is the fluorescent microscope limited by for its resolving power?

Answer 16

the wavelength of visible light.

Question 17

The __________ __________ is made up of two concentric membranes and is continuous with the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.

Answer 17

nuclear envelope

Question 18

Central Dogma: The sequence of nucleotides in a particular segment of DNA (a gene) is _______ into an RNA molecule, which can then be ________ into the linear sequence of amino acids of a protein.

Answer 18

transcribed, translated

Question 19

What is the First Law of Mendelian genetics?

Answer 19

Segregation: Each organism has two alleles of each gene, and one of these is passed on at random in each gamete

Question 20

What is the Second Law of Mendelian genetics?

Answer 20

Independent Assortment: Alleles for separate traits are inherited independently of one another

Question 21

Early biologists thought that the sperm contained a miniature human, which in turn contained even smaller humans inside it. What is this theory called?

Answer 21

Preformation

Question 22

How did Louis Pasteur DISPROVE the theory of spontaneous generation?

Answer 22

He showed that sterilised (boiled) media in a “swan neck” flask remained sterile until the flask was tilted to allow contaminants to enter it.

Question 23

What are the key differences between meiosis and mitosis?

Answer 23

Meiosis generates diversity and the resulting daughter cells are non-identical

Meiosis halves the chromosome number in the final product

Question 24

Which observation DISPROVES the “blending” model of inheritance?

Answer 24

Offspring sometimes show recessive traits (e.g. blue eyes in humans, wrinkling in peas) even if neither parent shows the trait.

Question 25

Whose observations laid the foundations for the chromosomal theory of inheritance?

Answer 25

Theodor Boveri and Walter Sutton.

Question 26

Why does skin colour not follow the Mendelian law of dominance?

Answer 26

Skin colour is controlled by many different genes acting together

Question 27

Which best describes epistasis?

Answer 27

A gene that alters the phenotypic effect of another gene at a different locus

Question 28

What was the importance of Frederick Griffith’s experiments with S. pneumoniae?

Answer 28

It showed that species/strains are not fixed and one bacterial strain can be transformed into another.