Week 12 & 13 - Skeletal Trauma & Indv. Variation Flashcards
elastic vs plastic deformation
ED
- > temporary, bonds not broken or irreversibly deformed, returns to original shape when force is no longer applied
PD
- > permanent change to bone structure, once load failure is reached fracture occurs
trauma
physical disruption of living tissues by outside forces
- > relates to timing (relative to death event) and mechanism (type of force that causes trauma)
direction of force
- Compression
- Tension
- Bending
- Shearing
- Torsion (twisting)
rate at which force is applied
dynamic
- > suddenly at high speeds
static
- > slowly at low speeds
types of complete fractures
- transvers
- oblique
- spiral
- comminuted
- avulsion (segment of bone pulled away at a tendon or ligament
incomplete fracture types
- Bow (exaggerated curvature; no break like greenstick)
- Torus/buckle (x-ray from lab)
- Greenstick
- Hinge
fracture healing stages
- reactive, inflamatory state (5-7 days)
- Reparative stage (6-12wks)
- Remodelling stage (months-years)
Types of Trauma
- > blunt force trauma
- > high velocity projectile trauma
- > sharp force trauma
- > thermal alterations
cranial fort trauma names
Le Fort 1 - > maxilla Le Fort 2 - > maxilla, nasal bridge (triangle to bridge of nose) Le Fort 3 - > zygomatic maxilla and nasal bridge
pugilistic posture/pose
body posture of flexed elbows and knees and clenched fists, caused by the shrinkage of body tissues and muscle due to dehydration caused by heating
Thermal alterations
- > colour
- > shrinkage
- > fractures (like log when it burns)
Types of skeletal variation
- Normal anatomical variation
- Skeletal anomalies
* verts, sesamoids, cranial sutures (inca bone) - Repetitive activity
- Pathological conditions
