Week 12 + 13 Flashcards
1
Q
What is a zoonotic disease?
A
- diseases an infections which are naturally transmitted from vertebrates to humans
- exclusions:
- diseases cause by non-infected animals via bits, venom, allergies, etc.
- experimental transmission
- if only arthropods are involved
2
Q
What are more specific definitions of zoonoses?
A
- zoonoses: animal to humans
- arthropod-zoonoses: humans to animals
- sapronosis/geonosis: causative agent in natural source such as soil or water
- ex: cryptosporidium
3
Q
T/F; all food-borne infections are zoonoses
A
- false;
- not all food-borne infections are zoonoses, ex: Hep A
- some zoonoses are, ex: trichinella spiralis
-some food-borne infections do not include other vertebrates
4
Q
T/F; once a zoonosis always a zoonosis
A
- False; HIV is now self-contained within human population even though it originally came from primates
5
Q
What is the WHO definition of a emerging zoonosis?
A
- a newly recognized or newly evolved zoonosis, or one that has occurred previously but shows an increase in incidence or expansion in geographical, host, or vector range
6
Q
Why are zoonoses important?
A
- more than 800 mutually transmitted diseases
- 61% of all pathogens of human beings
- 75% of all emerging pathogens of past decade
7
Q
T/F; zoonoses pose risk to general population
A
- trick!
- in general pose risk to GENERAL population; but increased risk groups within population
- children under 5 (risk behavior, developing IS)
- adults over 65 (comorbidities)
- people with weakened immune systems
8
Q
T/F: zoonoses are always severe disease
A
- false; range of severity
- always deadly (ex: rabies)
- severe (ex: yersinia pestis)
- mild/operate (ex: hand and mouth disease)
- severity depending on numbers (coxiella burnetti)
9
Q
T/F: clinical signs of zoonoses are similar between humans and animals
A
- false; not always, key characteristic based on agent type
10
Q
What are features of viral zoonoses
A
11
Q
What are features of bacterial zoonoses?
A
- all possible transmission routes
- antimicrobial resistance
- risk for vets (lots of things in biting mouths)
12
Q
What are features of parasitic zoonoses?
A
- various cycles: humans can be final, intermediate, or paratenic host
- multiple types of agents: Protozoa, helminths, acanthocephala
13
Q
What are features of prion zoonoses?
A
- infectious protein: proteinaceous infectious particles
- long incubation: several years
- alway fatal: neurodegeneration
14
Q
What are features of fungal zoonoses?
A
15
Q
Zoonoses affecting humans should be notified to the ?
A
- CDC
