Week 1.10 - Anatomy and Physiology of the Throat Flashcards
What are technical words used to describe throat issues?
- dysphagia
- odynophagia
- dysphonia (hoarse)
- referred otalgia (pain from throat to ear)
What does the throat include?
- oral cavity and mouth
- pharynx
- larynx
What does the pharynx include?
- nasopharynx,
- oropharynx,
- hypopharynx
What does the larynx include?
- supraglottis
- glottis
- subglottis
What does the boundaries of the mouth include?
contains teeth, tongue, salivary glands, and includes whole tongue except base - oropharynx.
What is the function of the mouth?
- mastication by chewing and mixing with saliva
- tongue for taste
- turning sound vibrations from larynx into words
What is dysarthrya?
speech difficulty
What are the muscles of mastication and their innervation?
- maseeter
- temporalis
- medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
- all innervated by V3 of Cr.N.V
What are other words for tongue?
glossa is greek, linga is latin
What are the innervations of the tongue?
- special sensory
- general sensory
- motor
- split into anterior 2/3rds and posterior 1/3rd
What is the innervation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?
- general sensory is lingual nerve of V3
- special sensory is chorda tympani of Cr.N.VII facial nerve from middle ear
- motor is hypoglossal Cr.N.XII
What is the innervation to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?
- general and special sensory glossopharyngeal nerve Cr.N.IX
- motor is hypoglossal Cr.N.XII same as anterior bits
EXCEPT palatoglossus which is vagus nerve
What are the muscles of the tongue?
- intrinsic - superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse and vertical
- extrinsic - genioglossis, styloglossus, hyoglossus and palatoglossus
what is found in the floor of the mouth?
submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. parotid found in buccal mucosa opposite 2nd molar
What are the parts of the pharynx?
- oropharynx we see in mouth.
- nasopharynx and hypopharynx we cant.
- tonsils
- uvula
- valecula (where tongue base meets epiglottis)
- epiglottis
What are the 2 surfaces of the epiglottis?
- lingual surface meets tongue
- laryngeal surface flops over larynx when swallow
What is the role of the nasopharynx?
- diverts air from nose into larynx
- has soft palate which moves when we swallow, prevents food going up nose
What is the role of the oropharynx and hypopharynx?
help normal swallow - epiglottis closes
- oropharynx resonating chamber with muscles
What is velopalatine insufficiency?
dysfunctional soft palate movement - food regurgitates into nasopharynx and nose
What is the sensation to the oropharynx and hypopharynx?
vagal nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve
What are the principles of voice production?
- airflow to larynx by diaphragm and lungs
- vibrations causing mucosal wave of vocal cord
- resonance of vibration created by larynx. using mouth structures to produce words
Where is the larynx and what other cartilages are involved?
- C3-C6
- epiglottis, thyroid and cricoid cartilage, arytenoid
What is the role of the larynx?
- allows air through trachea to mouth.
- air moved through glottis moves vocal cord, causing voice.
- prevents aspiration due to epiglottis
What is the sensation to the larynx?
needs supply for muscles
- all branches of vagus nerve - recurrent pharyngeal nerve, laryngeal nerve, recurrent laryngeal nerve
What may vagal palsies cause?
- motor function issues with larynx
- sensory issues (aspiration)
- vocal dysfyunction
What are the muscles of the larynx?
all intrinsic - attach to cartilage not bone.
attach to cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid cartilages.
