Week 11 Slides Flashcards
_______ helps seniors recover better from illnesses such as stroke
An optimistic view
____ _____ at age 65 is predictive of more rapid declines in later life
Chronic illness
_% of those aged 18-34 self-report their health as
fair or poor, where as _% of those over 65 years of age self-report their health as fair or poor
6%; 22%
Most Canadian seniors rated their
health as:
good or excellent
seniors whose physical and/or mental impairments are so extensive they cannot care for themselves.
Frail elderly
a measure of an individual’s ability to perform certain roles and tasks, particularly self help tasks and other chores of daily living.
Functional status
self help tasks such as bathing, dressing, and using the toilet
Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADLs)
more complex daily living tasks such as doing housework, cooking, and managing money
Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs):
The physical problems or diseases that are most likely to contribute to some functional disability in late adulthood are:
Arthritis and hypertension
As much as half of the decline in physical (and perhaps cognitive) function can be prevented through:
improved lifestyle, especially exercise
Physical exercise is even more important in ____ than in ____
later years than in youth
Benefits of exercise in later years include:
▪ Improves strength and motor skills after only 12 weeks of exercise
▪ Those who exercise lose less height over a 30- year period than did those who do not exercise
Gerontologists increasingly recommend _____ ____ in addition to aerobic activity and stretching.
strength training
Exercise can contribute to:
people living independent lives with dignity in late adulthood.
Physical exercise is linked to greater longevity and lower rates of diseases such as:
_ heart disease – cancer – osteoporosis – diabetes – gastrointestinal problems – arthritis
Research has revealed that exercise:
- Is linked to increased longevity.
- Is related to prevention of common chronic diseases.
- Is associated with increased effectiveness of treatment for many diseases.
- Improves older adults’ cellular functioning.
- Improves immune system functioning in older adults.
- Can optimize body composition and reduce the decline in motor skills as aging occurs.
- Reduces the likelihood that older adults will develop mental health problems, and can be effective in their treatment.
- Is linked to improved brain, cognitive, and affective functioning.
Canada’s Physical Activity Guide recommends:
30 to 60 minutes of exercise daily, which can be accumulated in segments of 10 minutes or longer
Obesity in late age is rising (__% for men, __% for women)
19% for men and 27% for women
Four aspects of nutrition are especially important in older adults:
- Getting adequate nutrition.
- Avoiding overweight and obesity.
- Deciding whether to restrict calorie intake.
- Determining whether to take vitamin supplements
Over __% of older adults in the U.S. are obese
40%
Theorized to slow the aging process by neutralizing free-radical activity
antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene
Positive correlations of good health:
– not smoking – sleeping well – frequent walking – frequent socializing – healthy body mass index – eating fruits and vegetables – good oral health – low daily stress
__ ____ are strongly related to health problems.
Low incomes
Chronic diseases and conditions with slow onset and long duration are common in late adulthood. These include:
- Heart conditions.
- Diabetes.
- Asthma.
- Arthritis.
Nearly 60% of 65- to 74-year-olds die of:
cancer or cardiovascular disease.
____ is now the leading cause of death in middle-aged adults.
For those in the 75-to 84 and 85-and-over age groups, however, ____ is the leading cause.
cancer for middle-aged adults; cardiovascular disease for 75-85+ year olds.
___ _____ have high death rates for most diseases, including stroke, heart disease, lung cancer; and female breast cancer.
African Americans
inflammation of the joints accompanied by pain, stiffness, and movement problems, is especially common in older adults.
Arthritis
the most common form of arthritis. Some people call it degenerative joint disease or “wear and tear” arthritis. It occurs most frequently in the hands, hips, and knees.
Osteoarthritis
Bone loss begins at about age __ for both men and women.
In women, the process is accelerated by:
30; decreasing estrogen and progesterone levels in menopause
loss of bone mass with age, resulting in more brittle and porous bones
Osteoporosis
a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue, which can lead to increased risk of fracture. Known as the “silent thief”, bone deterioration can occur over a number of years without any symptoms.
Osteoporosis
The most common fractures associated with osteoporosis are:
in the hip, wrist, spine, and shoulder
Today, no single cause for _____ has been defined.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis can be prevented by:
– getting enough calcium during early adulthood, so the
peak level of bone mass is as robust as possible
– getting a bone mineral density test which can identify
osteoporosis long before it causes serious damage to
bones
Risk factors for osteoporosis include:
- Race: whites are at higher risk than other races
- Gender: women are at considerably a higher risk than men
- Weight: those who are underweight are at higher risk
- Timing of climacteric: Women who experience early menopause or have their ovaries removed are at higher risk because their estrogen levels decline earlier
- Family history
- Diet: low calcium, high levels of caffeine, alcohol
- Lack of exercise/mobility
Osteoporosis causes many people to walk:
with a stoop
The frequency of binge drinking is highest among:
older adults.
Substance abuse among older adults is often seen as:
the “invisible epidemic” in the United States, because it so often goes undetected.
Used to describe the onset of alcoholism after the age of 65.
Late-onset alcoholism
Late-onset alcoholism is related to:
loneliness, loss of a spouse, or a disabling condition.
As older adults live longer, ____ ___ ____ will need to be expanded.
disease management programs
__% of women and __% of men over age 65 live in long-term care institutions
5.6% of women and 3% of men
Most married ___ will have a spouse until they die, but most married ___ will live alone for many years
men; women
