week 11 organs and tissues Flashcards
When was the first organ transplant performed?
The first organ transplant was in 1954 between identical twins, with one needing a kidney.
How were early heart transplants in the 1960s?
Early heart transplants had very low survival rates and were highly experimental.
How many patients survived liver transplants in the late 1800s?
In 1868-69, 55 patients received liver transplants, but 50 didn’t survive past six months.
What is the current survival rate for kidney transplants?
Kidney transplants have a 90% survival rate over five years.
What is the survival rate for cadaver kidney transplants?
Cadaver kidney transplants have an 82% survival rate over five years.
What is the survival rate for heart and liver transplants today?
Heart and liver transplants have a 75% survival rate over four years.
What are some concerns about organ donation?
Concerns include high costs, resource allocation, and ethical considerations, especially regarding the diversion of resources from areas like harm reduction or cancer research.
What is the “irreversible process of dying” in Denmark’s organ donation case?
It refers to a process where organs are harvested from patients for up to 48 hours while they are actively dying but not legally dead.
What ethical dilemma arises from the “irreversible process of dying”?
The dilemma centers around how to define the process and whether it is morally acceptable to harvest organs when the patient is not yet legally dead.
What was the irony in Denmark’s process of organ donation?
The irony was that physically, nothing changed in the patient’s condition, but they weren’t considered dead until a physician made that declaration.
How did Denmark eventually resolve the organ donation debate?
Denmark followed the global trend and adopted the “whole brain” definition of death.
what is xenotransplantation?
transplant from animals to human
