Week 11: Global Health

Question 1

A nurse is educating a community about the global burden of disease. What is the primary measure used to assess disease burden?

A. Financial cost
B. Years of life lost (YLLs)
C. Number of healthcare visits
D. Hospital bed occupancy rates
E. Percentage of GDP spent on health

Answer 1

Correct Answer: B. Years of life lost (YLLs)
Rationale: The global burden of disease is measured by the years of life lost due to mortality and morbidity.

Question 2

Which global health challenge is most likely to arise due to increased globalization and ease of travel?

A. Cardiovascular diseases
B. Inadequate health financing
C. Declining birth rates
D. Multidrug-resistant infections
E. Increased opioid use

Answer 2

Correct Answer: D. Multidrug-resistant infections

Rationale: Globalization and travel facilitate the rapid spread of multidrug-resistant infections, a growing global health concern.

Question 3

In global mental health, what is one of the main challenges in low- and middle-income countries?

A. Lack of trained mental health professionals
B. Overuse of antidepressants
C. Cultural resistance to modern medicine
D. High availability of mental health resources
E. Excessive government intervention

Answer 3

Correct Answer: A. Lack of trained mental health professionals

Rationale: In low- and middle-income countries, 76-85% of people with severe mental disorders receive no treatment due to a lack of resources and trained professionals.

Question 4

A nurse is working in maternal health in a low-resource country. What is the leading cause of daily maternal deaths globally?

A. Malaria
B. Pregnancy/childbirth complications
C. Poor nutritional intake
D. Lack of family planning education
E. Postpartum depression

Answer 4

Correct Answer: B. Pregnancy/childbirth complications

Rationale: Pregnancy and childbirth complications account for approximately 830 maternal deaths daily, particularly in low-resource settings.

Question 5

Which region has the highest rates of maternal, neonatal, and child deaths globally? SATA

A. Eastern Europe
B. South Asia
C. Sub-Saharan Africa
D. Southeast Asia
E. South America

Answer 5

Correct Answer: B.South Asia and C. Sub-Saharan Africa

Rationale: Sub-Saharan Africa, along with South Asia, has the highest rates of maternal, neonatal, and child deaths due to inadequate healthcare access and resources.

Question 6

What is the primary goal of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

A. Promote international trade
B. Increase government funding for military operations
C. Develop practical solutions for sustainable development
D. Reduce global taxation rates
E. Focus solely on environmental sustainability

Answer 6

Correct Answer: C. Develop practical solutions for sustainable development

Rationale: The SDGs aim to stimulate practical solutions for the world’s greatest challenges, including health and development.

Question 7

A nurse is addressing non-communicable diseases in a global health context. Which disease is NOT considered a major non-communicable disease globally?

A. Diabetes
B. Tuberculosis
C. Cardiovascular diseases
D. Chronic respiratory diseases
E. Cancer

Answer 7

Correct Answer: B. Tuberculosis

Rationale: Tuberculosis is a communicable disease, whereas diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancer are non-communicable diseases.

Question 8

A global health nurse is educating a community about new and reemerging infections. What factor contributes most significantly to their spread?

A. Urbanization
B. Declining population size
C. Limited agricultural activity
D. Isolation of rural communities
E. Reduction in global trade

Answer 8

Correct Answer: A. Urbanization

Rationale: Urbanization, combined with ease of travel and climate change, facilitates the rapid spread of new and reemerging infections.

Question 9

In the context of antibiotic resistance, which organism is of most concern globally?

A. Escherichia coli
B. Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D. Clostridioides difficile
E. Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 9

Correct Answer: B. Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Rationale: Antibiotic-resistant strains, particularly multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, pose a significant global health challenge.

Question 10

A nurse is working in a refugee camp. What is the primary health concern for large-scale displaced populations?

A. Climate change effects
B. Increased mental health services
C. High rates of diabetes
D. Overuse of antibiotics
E. Lack of clean water and sanitation

Answer 10

Correct Answer: E. Lack of clean water and sanitation

Rationale: Displaced populations often face health challenges such as inadequate access to clean water and sanitation, leading to outbreaks of infectious diseases.

Question 11

What is one key principle of being a “global citizen” as a nurse?

A. Prioritizing individual patient care over community health
B. Avoiding political engagement in health issues
C. Engaging critically with social and political issues affecting health
D. Limiting professional interests to local issues
E. Focusing solely on physical health outcomes

Answer 11

Correct Answer: C. Engaging critically with social and political issues affecting health

Rationale: Being a global citizen involves critically engaging with broader social, political, and historical issues affecting health and equity.

Question 12

A nurse is addressing the mental health impact of poor global health policies. Which outcome is least likely to be directly linked to poor mental health?

A. Homelessness
B. Incarceration
C. Diabetes
D. Poverty
E. Unemployment

Answer 12

Correct Answer: C. Diabetes

Rationale: While poor mental health can indirectly influence physical health, outcomes like homelessness, incarceration, poverty, and unemployment are more directly linked.

Question 13

The global health burden of communicable diseases has declined in the last 40 years, but which communicable disease still persists globally?

A. Polio
B. Malaria
C. Tuberculosis
D. Measles
E. Smallpox

Answer 13

Correct Answer: C. Tuberculosis
Rationale: Despite progress, tuberculosis remains a persistent global health issue, particularly in low-resource settings.

Question 14

A nurse educating a community on maternal health emphasizes prevention strategies. What is the most effective strategy to prevent maternal deaths globally?

A. Increasing fertility rates
B. Access to appropriate healthcare
C. Promoting home births
D. Restricting travel during pregnancy
E. Limiting access to contraception

Answer 14

Correct Answer: B. Access to appropriate healthcare

Rationale: Access to healthcare, including skilled birth attendants and emergency care, is essential for reducing maternal deaths.

Question 15

Which social determinant of health has the strongest influence on global health inequities?

A. Employment
B. Education
C. Income
D. Geographic location
E. Housing quality

Answer 15

Correct Answer: C. Income

Rationale: Income disparities significantly contribute to global health inequities, influencing access to healthcare and resources.

Question 16

What percentage of annual deaths globally are attributed to non-communicable diseases?

A. 50%
B. 60%
C. 70%
D. 80%
E. 90%

Answer 16

Correct Answer: C. 70%

Rationale: Non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, account for 70% of deaths globally.

Question 17

A nurse is focusing on global mental health. What is the projected leading cause of disease burden by 2030?

A. Anxiety
B. Depression
C. Schizophrenia
D. Bipolar disorder
E. Substance use disorders

Answer 17

Correct Answer: B. Depression
Rationale: Depression is projected to become the leading cause of disease burden globally by 2030.

Question 18

A global health nurse is working on a project to reduce inequities. Which strategy aligns with the principles of global health diplomacy?

A. Strengthening oppressive power structures
B. Challenging inequitable power relationships
C. Prioritizing economic growth over health equity
D. Focusing on national healthcare issues only
E. Reducing public health funding

Answer 18

Correct Answer: B. Challenging inequitable power relationships
Rationale: Global health diplomacy seeks to challenge inequitable power

Question 19

Which contemporary global health issue is most significantly influenced by climate change?

A. Increased opioid use
B. Non-communicable diseases
C. Fast-moving diseases
D. Declining birth rates
E. Refugee crises

Answer 19

Correct Answer: C. Fast-moving diseases
Rationale: Climate change contributes to the spread of fast-moving diseases by altering ecosystems and increasing vector-borne diseases.

Question 20

A nurse in Canada cares for a patient with an infectious disease recently contracted abroad. Which aspect of globalization likely contributed to this situation?

A. Advances in technology
B. Increased international travel
C. Cross-national communication
D. Economic integration

Answer 20

Correct Answer B
Rationale: Increased international travel allows pathogens to spread quickly across borders, as seen in outbreaks like COVID-19.

Question 21

Which activity best demonstrates a nurse practicing global health in Canada?

A. Providing culturally sensitive care to migrants
B. Administering routine vaccines
C. Teaching high school students about diet and exercise
D. Advocating for national healthcare policy changes

Answer 21

Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Global health focuses on addressing health disparities and improving equity, particularly for marginalized or migrant populations.

Question 22

High resource countries assisting lower resource countries in a bi-national relationship to address a health concern is reflected in:

A) International Health
B) Global Health
C) Public Health
D)World affairs

Answer 22

Answer A) International Health

Rationale:International health focuses on partnerships between countries, often with high-resource countries assisting low-resource countries to address health issues. These efforts are typically one-directional and aim to improve health outcomes in specific regions, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Examples include programs targeting infectious diseases like tuberculosis or HIV in lower-resource settings.
WRONG ANSWERS:
B) Global Health: Emphasizes health issues that transcend borders and require collaborative, multi-national solutions to achieve equity in health for all people. It’s broader in scope than international health.
C) Public Health: Focuses on improving health and preventing diseases within a specific population, usually at a local or national level.
D) World Affairs: Refers to global political, economic, and cultural relations but is not specifically focused on health.

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true about Globalization?

A) Globalization has increased disparities in health around the world

B) Globalization has decreased disparities in access to resources.

C)Globalization does not result in advances in technology

D)Globalization results in those with power having less

Answer 23

The correct answer is:

A) Globalization has increased disparities in health around the world.

Rationale:
Globalization has led to greater connectivity, economic integration, and technological advances, but it has also widened the gap in access to healthcare, resources, and opportunities, particularly between high- and low-resource countries. This has contributed to increased health disparities, as wealthier nations benefit disproportionately while poorer nations often face challenges like resource shortages, inequitable trade practices, and exploitation.

B) Globalization has decreased disparities in access to resources: Incorrect. While globalization has increased access to some technologies and information, it has also widened disparities, leaving some populations without equitable access to resources.
C) Globalization does not result in advances in technology: Incorrect. Globalization has significantly promoted advances in technology, communication, and science.
D) Globalization results in those with power having less: Incorrect. Globalization often consolidates power and resources in the hands of those who already have them, increasing inequalities.