WEEK 11 (Biomechanics) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is biomechanics?

A

The study of the mechanical laws relating to the movement or structure of living organisms

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2
Q

What does biomechanics start and end with?

A

Biomechanics starts from MUSCLE CONTRACTION and ends with FULL SCALE, WHOLE BODY MOTIONS of organisms

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3
Q

What is contemporary biomechanics?

A

A multidisciplinary field that combines physical and engineering expertise with knowledge from the biological and medical sciences

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4
Q

When did research in biomechanics become more widely known?

A

In the 20th century

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5
Q

What are the specialty areas in biomechanics?

A
  • CARDIOVASCULAR BIOMECHANICS
  • CELL BIOMECHANICS
  • HUMAN MOVEMENT BIOMECHANICS
  • OCCUPATIONAL BIOMECHANICS
  • SPORT BIOMECHANICS
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6
Q

What is cell biomechanics?

A

Focuses on the mechanical properties and behaviour of living cells and how it relates to cell function

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7
Q

What is occupational biomechanics?

A

Biomechanics analysis is used to understand and optimise mechanical interaction of workers with the environment

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8
Q

What is sport biomechanics?

A

Deals with performance improvement and injury prevention in athletes

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9
Q

What are the applications of biomechanics?

A
  • Design of implantable artificial prostheses
  • Engineering of living tissues
  • Injury prevention related to vehicle accidents
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10
Q

What are the four elements of biomechanics?

A
  • Dynamics
  • Kinematics
  • Kinetics
  • Statics
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11
Q

Describe Dynamics in biomechanics

A

Studying systems that are in motion with ACCELERATION and DECELERATION

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12
Q

Describe Kinematics in biomechanics

A

Describing the effect of forces on a system, motion patterns including LINEAR and ANGULAR changes in VELOCITY over time as well as POSITION, DISPLACEMENT, VELOCITY and ACCELERATION are studied

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13
Q

Describe Kinetics in biomechanics

A

Studying what causes motion, the forces and moments at work

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14
Q

Describe statics in biomechanics

A

Studying systems that are in equilibrium, either at rest or moving at a constant velocity

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15
Q

Describe the centre of gravity of an erect person with arms at the side

A

The centre of gravity of an erect person with arms at the side is at approximately 56% of the person’s height measured from the soles of the feet

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16
Q

Describe the reaction force in a stable object

A

The reaction force at the base of support CANCELS the force of gravity and the torque produced by it

17
Q

Describe the reaction force in an unstable object

A

If the centre of mass is OUTSIDE the base, the torque produced by the weight tend to topple the body

18
Q

Maximum force muscle can apply is proportional to what?

A

To the muscle cross section

19
Q

What is the mechanical advantage of a lever and the equation for it?

A

The mechanical advantage of a lever is the RATIO of the load the lever overcomes and the effort a person or system applies to the lever to overcome some load or resistance

Load x Resistance Arm = Effort x Effort Arm