Week 11: Behavioural Programs Flashcards
Causes of SIB of children w/ developmental disabilities in Iwata (1982) study
- Attention condition: SIB maintained by attention
- Demand condition: SIB maintained by escape from demands
- Alone condition: SIB was a form of sensory reinforcement when child’s alone
- Control condition: SIB occurred in the absence of the 3 previous conditions
- TREATMENT SHOULD BE BASED ON FUNCTION OF BEHAVIOUR, NOT ITS FORM
Problem behaviours maintained by social positive reinforcement
Behaviour excesses often developed and maintained by the social attention they evoke
Problem behaviours maintained by internal self-stimulatory positive reinforcement (automatic reinforcement)
- Reinforced by sensory stimulation they produce internally
- Behaviour itself it automatically reinforcing
Problem behaviours maintained by external sensory positive reinforcement
Reinforcing sights and sounds of a nonsocial external environment
Problem behaviours maintained by social negative reinforcement
- Negatively reinforced by escape from demands
Problem behaviours maintained by internal sensory negative reinforcement (auto negative reinforcement)
Negatively reinforced by removal of internal discomfort
Problem behaviours maintained by external sensory negative reinforcement
Maintained by nonsocial negative reinforcement/escape from external sensory aversive stimuli
Respondent/elicited problem behaviours
- Not controlled by consequences
- Aggression elicited by aversive stimuli
- Emotions have elicited components
Time-sampling recording
- Scores behaviour as occurring/not occurring during brief observation intervals separated from each other by longer period of time
Error that can affect accuracy of observations
- Reactivity: Observations are direction function of observer’s belief that they’re being monitored
- Observer drift: Observer’s definition of target behaviour to gradually shift away from the definition the observer was originally given
- Observer expectancy: Tendency for observations to inaccurately show improvement in target behaviour as function of observer expecting behaviour to improve
- Feedback: Influenced by pos/neg feedback inadvertently provided by supervisor
- Complexity of observations: Less accurate if definition of target response has many parts that are required to be observed
A-B/Comparison Design (within-subjects)
- A = Baseline, B = Treatment
- Allows to determine whether behaviour changed in expected direction
- Doesn’t allow for functional relationship between behaviour and treatment
- Rarely used in research
ABAB Reversal Design (within-subjects)
- A = Baseline, B = Treatment
- Each phase implemented twice
- Allows for potential to demonstrate a functional relationship b/w behaviour and treatment
- Common
- Concerns: ethics, can treatment effect be reversed
Multiple-baseline-across behaviours
- Establish baselines for 2+ of individual’s behaviours followed by introducing treatment sequentially across behaviours
Multiple-baseline-across-situations design
- Baselines for behaviour of individual across 2+ situations followed by intro of treatment to behaviour sequentially across situations
- Same behaviour, diff situations
Multiple-Baseline-Across People Design
- Establish baseline for specific behaviour across 2+ people followed by intro of treatment sequentially to each person
- Same behaviour, diff people
