Week 10: Antecedent Control Procedures

Question 1

Key aspects of antecedents we can use to take advantage of existing antecedents

Answer 1

• Rules
• Goals
• Modeling
• Physical guidance
• Situational inducement
• Motivation

Question 2

Rules

Answer 2

• Situation in which a behaviour will lead to consequence
• Specific behaviour will “pay off”/ or have a bad outcome in a particular situation
• Can serve as a discriminant stimulus
• Helpful when: rapid change is desired, consequences are delayed, natural reinforcers are highly intermittent
• Behaviour will lead to immediate & severe punishment

Question 3

Partial rules

Answer 3

• Rules that don’t identify all 3 aspects of a contingency of reinforcement
• Doesn’t identify ABCs
• Ex. “don’t touch that”, “wow! Look at that!”, Implied rules b/c of learning experiences

Question 4

What makes rules more effective?

Answer 4

• Specific descriptions of behaviour
• Specific descriptions of circumstances
• Probably consequences
• Sizeable, but cumulatively significant consequences
• W/ deadline

Question 5

Goals

Answer 5

• Lvl of performance/outcome that individual/group attempts to achieve
• Rule that acts as motivating operation to achieve some specific desired objective

Question 6

Effective goal setting

Answer 6

• Goals of behaviour (ex. exercise more)
• Goals for the products/outcomes of behaviour (ex. lose 10 lbs)

Question 7

Modeling

Answer 7

Sample of given behaviour is demonstrated to individual to induce that individual to engage in a similar behaviour

Question 8

Effective modeling

Answer 8

• Peers to be models
• Modeled behaviour to be seen
• Multiple models
• Combine w/ rules

Question 9

Phys guidance

Answer 9

Application of phys contact to induce individual to go through the motions of desired behaviour

Question 10

Generalized imitation

Answer 10

After learning to imitate a number of behaviours learns to imitate new response on first trial w/o reinforcement

Question 11

Situational inducement

Answer 11

• Influence of behaviour using situations and occasions that already exert control over behaviour (ex. making environment conducive of desired behaviour)
• Rearranging surroundings
• Moving to new location
• Relocating people
• Changing time of activity

Question 12

Motivating operation (MO)

Answer 12

Event/operation that:
- Temporarily alters effectiveness of reinforcer/punisher (value-altering effect)
- Influences behaviour that normally leads to reinforcer/punisher (behaviour-altering effect)

Question 13

Motivating establishing operation (MEO)

Answer 13

• Temporarily increases effectiveness of reinforcer/punisher
• Increases likelihood of behaviours that lead to behaviour
• Decreases likelihood of behaviours that lead to punisher

Question 14

Motivating abolishing operation (MAO)

Answer 14

• Temporarily decreases effectiveness of reinforcer/punisher
• Decreases likelihood of behaviours that normally lead to that reinforcer
• Increases likelihood of behaviours that normally lead to punisher

Question 15

Unconditioned motivating operations (UMOs)

Answer 15

• Value-altering effect is innate (ex. food)
• Can be UMAO/UMEO

Question 16

Conditioning motivating operations (CMOs)

Answer 16

• Alter effectiveness of consequences as reinforcers/punishers b/c of prior learning
• CMEO: Increases value of conditioned reinforcer & increases likelihood of behaviour (ex. rule: mow the lawn = associated w/ points = reinforcers whose value are increases b/c of CMEO) (similar to discriminant stimulus)
• CMAO: Decreases value of conditioned reinforcer & decreases likelihood of behaviour (ex. shopping in grocery that gives points for movie tickets but only specific far theatre = start shopping elsewhere = location change decreases value of points)

Question 17

Applications of MOs

Answer 17

• Teaching mands (verbal behaviour) to children w/ autism
• Deceasing SIB maintained by attention

Question 18

Stimulus generalization

Answer 18

Trained behaviour that transfers from the training situation(s) to the target situation(s) (usually the natural environment)

Question 19

Response generalization

Answer 19

Training leads to the development of new behaviour that hasn’t been specifically trained

Question 20

Behaviour maintenance

Answer 20

Trained behaviour persists in target situation(s) over time

Question 21

Operant stimulus generalization

Answer 21

• Train in the target situation
• Vary the training conditions
• Program common stimuli
• Train sufficient stimulus exemplars

Question 22

Operant behaviour maintenance

Answer 22

• Depends critically on whether behaviour will continue to be reinforced
• Behavioural trapping: Behaviour that’s been developed by programmed reinforcers is “trapped”/maintained by natural reinforcers
• Change behaviour of people in natural environment
• Use intermittent scheds of reinforcement in target situation
• Give control to individual

Question 23

Generalization of respondent behaviours

Answer 23

• Stimuli that are similar to the CS also elicit the response
• When dealing w/ respondent behaviour, stimulus generalization is also important
• Ex. ex