Week 10: Antecedent Control Procedures Flashcards
Key aspects of antecedents we can use to take advantage of existing antecedents
- Rules
- Goals
- Modeling
- Physical guidance
- Situational inducement
- Motivation
Rules
- Situation in which a behaviour will lead to consequence
- Specific behaviour will “pay off”/ or have a bad outcome in a particular situation
- Can serve as a discriminant stimulus
- Helpful when: rapid change is desired, consequences are delayed, natural reinforcers are highly intermittent
- Behaviour will lead to immediate & severe punishment
Partial rules
- Rules that don’t identify all 3 aspects of a contingency of reinforcement
- Doesn’t identify ABCs
- Ex. “don’t touch that”, “wow! Look at that!”, Implied rules b/c of learning experiences
What makes rules more effective?
- Specific descriptions of behaviour
- Specific descriptions of circumstances
- Probably consequences
- Sizeable, but cumulatively significant consequences
- W/ deadline
Goals
- Lvl of performance/outcome that individual/group attempts to achieve
- Rule that acts as motivating operation to achieve some specific desired objective
Effective goal setting
- Goals of behaviour (ex. exercise more)
- Goals for the products/outcomes of behaviour (ex. lose 10 lbs)
Modeling
Sample of given behaviour is demonstrated to individual to induce that individual to engage in a similar behaviour
Effective modeling
- Peers to be models
- Modeled behaviour to be seen
- Multiple models
- Combine w/ rules
Phys guidance
Application of phys contact to induce individual to go through the motions of desired behaviour
Generalized imitation
After learning to imitate a number of behaviours learns to imitate new response on first trial w/o reinforcement
Situational inducement
- Influence of behaviour using situations and occasions that already exert control over behaviour (ex. making environment conducive of desired behaviour)
- Rearranging surroundings
- Moving to new location
- Relocating people
- Changing time of activity
Motivating operation (MO)
Event/operation that:
- Temporarily alters effectiveness of reinforcer/punisher (value-altering effect)
- Influences behaviour that normally leads to reinforcer/punisher (behaviour-altering effect)
Motivating establishing operation (MEO)
- Temporarily increases effectiveness of reinforcer/punisher
- Increases likelihood of behaviours that lead to behaviour
- Decreases likelihood of behaviours that lead to punisher
Motivating abolishing operation (MAO)
- Temporarily decreases effectiveness of reinforcer/punisher
- Decreases likelihood of behaviours that normally lead to that reinforcer
- Increases likelihood of behaviours that normally lead to punisher
Unconditioned motivating operations (UMOs)
- Value-altering effect is innate (ex. food)
- Can be UMAO/UMEO
Conditioning motivating operations (CMOs)
- Alter effectiveness of consequences as reinforcers/punishers b/c of prior learning
- CMEO: Increases value of conditioned reinforcer & increases likelihood of behaviour (ex. rule: mow the lawn = associated w/ points = reinforcers whose value are increases b/c of CMEO) (similar to discriminant stimulus)
- CMAO: Decreases value of conditioned reinforcer & decreases likelihood of behaviour (ex. shopping in grocery that gives points for movie tickets but only specific far theatre = start shopping elsewhere = location change decreases value of points)
Applications of MOs
- Teaching mands (verbal behaviour) to children w/ autism
- Deceasing SIB maintained by attention
Stimulus generalization
Trained behaviour that transfers from the training situation(s) to the target situation(s) (usually the natural environment)
Response generalization
Training leads to the development of new behaviour that hasn’t been specifically trained
Behaviour maintenance
Trained behaviour persists in target situation(s) over time
Operant stimulus generalization
- Train in the target situation
- Vary the training conditions
- Program common stimuli
- Train sufficient stimulus exemplars
Operant behaviour maintenance
- Depends critically on whether behaviour will continue to be reinforced
- Behavioural trapping: Behaviour that’s been developed by programmed reinforcers is “trapped”/maintained by natural reinforcers
- Change behaviour of people in natural environment
- Use intermittent scheds of reinforcement in target situation
- Give control to individual
Generalization of respondent behaviours
- Stimuli that are similar to the CS also elicit the response
- When dealing w/ respondent behaviour, stimulus generalization is also important
- Ex. ex
