Week 11 - Autonomic Nervous System (Parasympathetic and Sympathetic)

Question 1

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous sytem (ANS)?

Answer 1

parasympathetic and sympathetic

(enteric)

Question 2

What does the ANS do?

Answer 2

responds to physiological demands without you being aware of it (involuntary)

Question 3

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 3

part of the nervous sytem that consists of all the neurons and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord

includes the somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 4

What is the difference between the ANS and the SNS?

Answer 4

SNS is voluntary

ANS is involuntary

Question 5

Which division of the ANS has short pre-ganglionic neurons?

Answer 5

sympathetic

Question 6

Which division of the ANS has short postganglionic fibres?

Answer 6

parasympathetic

Question 7

What receptor does acetylcholine activate on postganglionic fibres of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 7

nicotine acetylcholine receptors

Question 8

What susbstance do postganglionic fibres of the sympathetic nervous system release when activated?

Answer 8

norepinephrine/noradrenaline

Question 9

What receptors are activated on the peripheral target tissues when noradrenaline is released by postganglionic fibres of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 9

adrenergic receptors

Question 10

What are the two exceptions of postganglionic cells of the symathetic nervous system?

Answer 10

sweat glands - release ACh

chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla - noradrenaline is released directly into the blood (no postganglionic neurone)

Question 11

What receptos are activated on peripheral target tissues when ACh is released by postganglionic neurones of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 11

muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Question 12

What division of the ANS is described as having cranio-sacral outflow?

Answer 12

parasympathetic

the location of the preganglionic neuron cell bodies are

1. cranial
2. sacral spinal cord S2-S4

Question 13

What are the four cranial nerves that are part of the PN?

Answer 13

oculomotor

facial

glossopharyngeal

vagus

Question 14

At what vertebral level do the pelvic splanchnic nerves arise from?

Answer 14

S2-S4

Question 15

What kind of outflow does the sympathetic nervous system have and what spinal cord segments does this arise from?

Answer 15

thoraco-lumbar outflow

T1 - L2

Question 16

What is the alternative name for the submucosal plexus?

Answer 16

meissner plexus

myenteric - Auerbach plexus

Question 17

What are exteroreceptive nerve endings?

Answer 17

superficially located nerve endings that respond to stimuli for pain, temperature and pressure

Question 18

What are proprioceptive nerve endings?

Answer 18

nerve endings in muscles, tendons and joints that provide data for reflex adjustments of muscle action and for awareness of position and movement

Question 19

Where are preganglionic parasympathetic neurons located?

Answer 19

CN III, VII, IX, X

S2-S4

Question 20

What does the term visceral mean in neurobiology?

Answer 20

all the innervated smooth and cardiac muscle

innervation of secretory cells in all parts of the body

Question 21

How does the efferent supply of smooth muscle cells differ from skeletal muscle cells?

Answer 21

somatic - connection between CNS and skeletal muscle consists of a single motor neuron

autonomic - succession of at least two neurons between CNS and smooth muscle

Question 22

Give an example of where a noncholinergenic and nonadrenergic receptor might be found

Answer 22

in blood vessels, releases NO to cause dilation

Question 23

What enzyme breaks down acetylcholine to terminate the action potential?

Answer 23

acetylcholinesterase

Question 24

Where do the preganglionic axons of the sympathetic nervous system exit the spinal cord?

Answer 24

in the ventral nerve roots

Question 25

What are the paravertebral ganglia?

Answer 25

superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia

Question 26

What are the prevertebral ganglia?

Answer 26

celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia

Question 27

What parasympathetic action does CN IX have?

Answer 27

glossopharyngeal supplies parotid gland

CN III, VII, IX, X all have a parasympathetic component

Question 28

What is the resting potential of a neuron?

Answer 28

-65mV