Week 11

Question 1

The renal function helps maintain the body’s state of homeostasis by?

Answer 1

• regulating fluid and electrolytes (done through excretion/re-absorption)
• providing hormones.

Question 2

How much does just 1 nephron filter a day?

Answer 2

180L/day is filtrate by just one nephron.

Question 3

What subjective data should we be asking?

Answer 3

• past medical hx and pre-existing conditions = diabetes,hypertension,childbirth, STDs
• medications (allergies)
• past surgical hx/treatments - that are related to this system
• functional health pattern questions = changes in voiding/haematuria/pain(dysuria)
• family hx = genetics

Question 4

What objective data should be performed?

Answer 4

Physical assessment.

• presence of oedema
• bladder scan
• prostatic exam
• abdominal and kidney palpation
• abnormal anatomy
• inspection of genitalia

Question 5

What is Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

Answer 5

Gradual increase in gland size of the prostate.Depending on the lobe affected can gradually compress (and obstruct) urethra.
-is not always cancerous

Question 6

What are the clinical manifestations of Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)? Name 4.

Answer 6

• mild weakness of urinary stream
• frequency
• hesitancy
• dribbling
• incomplete bladder emptying
• retention
• nocturnal
• urgency
• dysuria
• incontinence

Question 7

List 3 complication that could arise from urinary catheterisation.

Answer 7

• UTI’s (during insertion/while inserted)
• bladder spasms
• urethral rupture
• pressure necrosis
• urethral strictures
• allergy

Question 8

List the nursing management for IDC (Indwelling Urethral Catheter).

Answer 8

Always depends on the type/indication.

• monitor drainage =amount/colour/odour, fluid balance chart
• secure catheter
• monitor for infection = temp, confusion,urgency, redness, smell, dicoloured urine
• infection prevention = sterile, keep it clean, tubes are free flowing, no occlusions
• bladder training post removal = lax detrusor muscle gets lazy.

Question 9

When gathering a health hx during a renal and urinary tract assessment what should the nurse be inquiring about?

Answer 9

• pt’s reason for seeking help
• hx of UTI’s
• any fever or chills
• nocturia and date of onset
• haematuria or change in urine colour
• urinary incontinence
• any STD’s
  habits: use of alcohol, drugs or tobacco
• what meds they are on
• family hx

Question 10

For a renal and urinary tract assessment what would you be doing for a physical assessment?

Answer 10

Several body systems can be affected which leads to either the increase or decrease of the urinary tract.

• so a full head to toe assessment is needed
• ausculatate all abdomen quadrants
• bladder should be scanned

Question 11

Why is a urinalysis so important?

Answer 11

this provides important clinical info such as kidney function, diagnose other diseases such as diabetes, can detect if bacteria is present…

Question 12

A urine exam should include?

Answer 12

• colour
• odour
• clarity
• sedements
• pH

Question 13

There are 3 categories of ARF (acute renal failure). List them and what it means?

Answer 13

1. Prerenal =hypoperfusion of the kidney
2. Intrarenal = actual damage to kidney tissue
3. postrenal = obstruction to urine flow

Question 14

what is the nursing management for ARF (acute renal failure)?

Answer 14

• monitor for complications
• participate in emergency treatment of fluid and electrolyte imbalances
• assess progress and response to treatment
• provide physical and emotional support