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BPK 142 > Week 11 > Flashcards

Week 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Motor learning

A

The permanent change in the performance levels of a task as a result of practice.

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2
Q

What are the two categories of motor learning?

A

Sensorimotor adaptation
Skill learning

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3
Q

Sensorimotor adaptation (relearning)

A

Responds to changed environmental conditions by reducing errors to regain a previous level of performance.
- recovery of function post-neurological injury

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4
Q

Skill learning

A

Involves new muscle activation pattern acquisition in order to achieve a greater level of performance.
- e.g: learning to play tennis, or riding a bike

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5
Q

Performance curves

A

Illustrates how good one is getting performance-wise across time

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6
Q

Retention tests

A
  • A certain assessment on the performance of a learned skill after a period of time following practice
  • It assesses the persistence of improved performance

E.g: pre-post-retention test paradigm for clinical trials in rehabilitation

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7
Q

Transfer tests

A

A situation where someone needs to adapt to the skill

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8
Q

Transfer of learning

A

The influence of a previously learned skill being used on learning a new skill
- very important for teaching motor learning skills

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9
Q

Positive transfer

A
  • When a previous skill helps with the learning of a new skill
  • when it’s more similar, more likely to transfer
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10
Q

Negative transfer

A
  • When a previous skill interferes with the learning of a new skill
  • Occurs when a new response is needed for an old stimulus
  • typically temporary and can be overcome with practice
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11
Q

Zero transfer

A

Experience with a previous skill having no impact on a new skill

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12
Q

Bilateral transfer of learning

A

Involves the improvement in performance of one limb as a result of practice with the opposite one
E.g: dribbling in soccer or basketball

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13
Q

What is the expected transfer from the preferred limb to the non-preferred one?

A

Expect a greater transfer.

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14
Q

How do bilateral transfer effects happen?

A

They are results of both cognitive and motor factors

Occurs faster when one limb is practiced to a reasonable degree of proficiency. (E.g: if you want to learn how do dribble with both sides is to get really good at one side first)

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15
Q

What can augmented feedback help with?

A
  • allows learner to determine if they’re appropriately performing the skill
  • can motivate the learner to continue to try and reach their goal
  • not all situation benefit from or require feedback
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16
Q

What is augmented feedback?*

A
17
Q

What two categories are there for augmented feedback?

A
  1. Knowledge of results
  2. Knowledge of performance
18
Q

Knowledge of Results

A

Information about the outcome of performing a skill or achieving the goal itself

19
Q

Knowledge of performance*

A
20
Q

What are the benefits of knowledge of performance?**

A
  • ## motor skills need specific movement characteristics
21
Q

When do we need augmented feedback?

A
  • when you’re learning a new skill, the highest yielding feedback are the correctional feedback. In the later stages augmented feedback is not as useful
  • qualitative feedback is much more useful than quantitative feedback when making an approximation of the required movement
22
Q

Erroneous feedback

A

Learners will use something despite it being wrong
- develops bad habits

23
Q

What information should we give as KR or KP?

A
  • no more or no less information should be given than the learner is capable of handling.
  • must focus on the part of the skill that needs to be corrected
  • augmented feedback shouldn’t be given at every practice trial
24
Q

How effective are videos as a form of KR and KP

A

the skill level of a student is important to determine whether or not it is effective:
- beginner need the help of an instructor to point out information from the replay

Must present meaningful information

25
Q

How much practice does someone need?*

A
  • establish practice conditions that will lead to maximum test performance
  • Is very individualistic
26
Q

Opened vs Closed skills

A

Open: Playing in a game
Closed: Playing in practice

27
Q

What is mental practice?

A

Rehearsing a physical skill cognitively instead of actually doing it.
- involves imaging the actual correct performance of the movement

Reinforces a proper response to help an upcoming response

E.g: diver, gymnast, skier

28
Q

How helpful is mental practice?

A
  • Can have a negative outcome if visualized incorrectly
  • When used properly, can be helpful to learn a new skill, perform the skill, and retain the motor skills
29
Q

What is ergonomics?

A

The natural laws of work
- how does the environment you operate in fit according t you?

30
Q

Ergonomics & Human factors

A

North America:
- “ergonomics” =physical factors
- “human fsctors” = cognitive issues

Europe:
- born physical and cognitive factors

31
Q

What is the philosophy of ergonomics

A

Take a system approach:
- design form inside out
- design around human needs and capabilities

32
Q

How does ergonomics contribute to fields of knowledge?*

A
33
Q

What is EMG?

A
  • Detects electrical representation of muscle activiry

Changing desk height helps with long term muscle activation
A. Optimal set up
B. Shoulder elevation where traps are activated( constantly shrugging)
C. Shoulder abduction with deltoid activation (elbows to the side on the table)

34
Q

How can we reduce ergonomically injuries?

A

Increased Occupational Health and Safety
Reducing musculoskeletal disorders through design of equipment, tools, workstations and jobs.

Enhanced rehabilitation programs
Task analysis techniques allow Ergonomists to determine jobs, or parts of jobs which can be performed by injured workers to
allow them to return to work

35
Q

How is the workforce changing?

A
  • more diverse workforce means that workplace design and job demands must reflect a wider fanged of worker capabilities and limitations

Work is changing:
- increases shift work, working from home, more repetitive tasks

36
Q

How can we improve workplaces?

A
  • Should analyze whether or not the person doing their job can physically perform it. Can establish placement requirements if an individual can’t do it anymore.
  • Need more effective training programs so a worker has the skills and knowledge to perform their job
  • should address psychosocial issues in the workplace such as management styles, organizational design, job design, motivation, and teamwork.
37
Q

How does productivity impact quality?

A

More comfortable workers are able to work more efficiently.

38
Q

Regulation/legislation**

A
39
Q

Hierarchy of controls**

A

Elimination: remove the hazard
Substitution: replace the hazard
Engineering conteils
Administrative controls
PPE

BPK 142 (3 decks)

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