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Medicine Year 1 > Week 107 Syncopy > Flashcards

Week 107 Syncopy Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what syncope is

A

Transient loss of consciousness
rapid onset
short duration
spontaneous complete recovery

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2
Q

What are causes of syncopy?

A

Pressure (bp low)
Arrythmia
Seizure
Sugar

Output (CO)
Unusual (Anxiety)
TIA

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3
Q

What are the 4Hs and 4Ts - reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

A 
Reversible: 4Hs
Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia
Hypokalaemia (or er)/glycaemia/calaemia 
Hypothermia
4Ts
Thrombosis (coronary or pulmonary)
Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade (cardiac)
Toxins
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4
Q

What are causes of left axis deviation?

A

LVH
hypertension
inferior MI

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5
Q

What are causes of right axis deviation?

A

RVH
Chronic lung disease
CHD
Lateral MI

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6
Q

What are features of AF on an ECG?

A

No P waves
Irregular RR
Narrow QRS

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7
Q

What are features of first degree heart block on an ECG?

A

Prolonged PR interval >0.2ms (1 large square)
caused by delay in AVNBoH
Can be normal/degenerative disease/toxicity

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8
Q

What are features of second degree HB Mobitz type 1 on an ECG?

A

Progressive prolonged PR interval until a p wave doesn’t lead to a QRS
Block in AVN
Transient/benign

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9
Q

What are features of second degree HB Mobitz type 2 on an ECG?

A

Fixed number of p waves to QRS complex e.g. 2:1, 3:1
Can progress to type 3
because of bundle of his

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10
Q

What are features of third degree heart block on ECG?

A

AV dissociation leads to wide QRS complex (more than 3 little squares)
medical emergency
requires pace maker

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11
Q

What does the P wave represent on an ECG?

A

Atrial depolarisation

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12
Q

What does the QRS complex represent on an ECG?

A

Ventricular depolarisation

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13
Q

What does the T wave represent on an ECG?

A

Ventricular repolarisation

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14
Q

What does the PR interval represent on an ECG?

A

Atrial to ventricular via BoH/Purkinje system

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15
Q

What is the step ladder for treating stable angina?

A

GTN Spray

Beta blocker (CaCB if contraindicated)

Long acting nitrate/nocorandil/ivabradine

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16
Q

How do you treat ACS (unstable angina/MI) on admission in hospital?

A

MONAA

Morphine
O2 if low
Nitrates
Aspirin
Antiplatelet (clopidogrel)

STEMI: MONA–> PCI angiography –> if unavailable in 2 hours, thrombolysis and anticoagulant, repeat ECG

NSTEMI: MONA–> anticoagulant, antiplatelet

17
Q

After discharge from hospital, what is the process of treatment for STEMI/NSTEMI patients?

A 
STEMI: at least 1 month antiplatelet (clopidogrel)
Aspirin
ACE inh
BB
Statins
NSTEMI: at least 12 months antiplatelet
Aspirin
ACE inh
BB
Statins
18
Q

What are common side effects of GTN spray?

A

Headache
Hypotension
Tachycardia

19
Q

When should a patient discharged from hospital after an MI be allowed to return to work?

A

After performing an exercise test

Medicine Year 1 (13 decks)

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