Week 10 - Safety Flashcards
1
Q
History of Human Factors
A
- Historically, emphasis was on determining responsibility for accidents
- Started to find the root of pilot error after many high-profile accidents in the 1970’s
2
Q
Human Factors Training
A
- Resource Management workshop in 1979 which led to crew resource management (CRM) training
- Some professionals reject the notion of CRM because it’s like “charm school”
3
Q
Non-Technical Skills (NOTECHS)
A
- Cooperation
- Leadership and Managerial Skills
- Situational Awareness
- Decision-Making
4
Q
Line Oriented Flight Training (LOFT)
A
- Evolution of CRM
- Work on abnormal and emergency situations in a flight simulator
- Goal is to make CRM concepts relevant in operational flight environment
5
Q
Threat and Error Management (TEM)
A
- Combination of CRM and LOFT training
- Tailored to operational threats and common errors unique to that company’s operations
6
Q
Human Factors Issues
A
- Human limitations are natural and predictable
- Human factors do not directly cause an accident
- Systems used by human operators need to be error-tolerant and user-friendly
7
Q
Culture
A
- Organizational
- Industry
- National
8
Q
Fatigue
A
- Sleep debt can occur from lees-than-adequate sleep
- Staying awake for too long
- Jet lag
9
Q
Situational Awareness
A
- Perception
- Understanding
- Prediction
10
Q
Origins of Organizational Approach to Safety
A
- Mahon Report (Antartica)
- Moshansky Report (Air Ontario)
- A safe system is not one without risk, but one that identifies hazards
- A safe aviation industry cannot be achieved by states or operators working in isolation
11
Q
Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS)
A
- Unsafe act of operators (errors, violations)
- Preconditions (environmental factors, condition of operators, personnel factors)
- Unsafe supervision (inadequate supervision, planned inappropriate operations, failure to correct problem, supervisory violations
- Organizational influences (Resource management, organizational climate, organizational process
12
Q
James Reason’s Swiss Cheese Model
A
Latent failures
- Organizational Influences
- Unsafe Supervision
- Preconditions for unsafe acts,
- Unsafe acts of operators
13
Q
State Safety Programmes (SSP’s)
A
- Annex 19 requires states to establish an SSP to promote civil aviation safety domestically
- Must include: State safety policy and objectives, state safety risk management, state safety assurance, and state safety promotion
14
Q
International Voluntary Reporting Systems
A
- IATA’s Safety Trend Evaluation Analysis and Data Exchange System (STEADES)
- Eurocontrol Voluntary ATM Incident Reporting (EVAIR)
- Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS)
15
Q
Safety Management Systems (SMS)
A
- Internal system that is developed to identify, monitor, and reduce safety risk within each service provider
- 4 Pillars include: Safety Policy and Objectives, Safety Risk Management, Safety Assurance, Safety Promotion
