Week 10 - Nystagmus Flashcards
What are the 2 types of nystagmus and their subtypes?
- Nystagmus in Children
•Congenital / Infantile
•Other conditions?
•Acquired - Nystagmus in adults
What are the symptoms of infantile nystagmus?
• Uniplanar (may be asymmetric)
• Worse in distance
• Less for near
• Null position
• Head posture
• Compensatory head nodding
• No oscillopsia nor vertigo
What are 2 causes of nystagmus?
• Generalised albinism
• Ocular albinism
- Can be rod/cone subtypes
What are the 5 Causes of nystagmus associated with the retina?
• Albinism : Ocular and generalised
• Rods : CSNB
• Cones : Achromatopsia
• Rods and cones : Leber’s Amaurosis
• Optic nerve : Optic nerve hypoplasia
What are the 3 types of nystagmus not associated with the retina?
• Chiasm : Achiasmia
• Brain white matter : Periventricular Leukomalacia
• Methadone : During pregnancy
What is the treatment for congenital nystagmus?
• For head posture 4 muscle recess/resect (but not for end gaze blocking)
• 4 muscle recessions?
(But what about the Troxler phenomenon
What adaptations can be done for low vision with nystagmus?
• Us: Optimal spectacle/contact lens correction/prisms?
• Patient: Mobile phone camera?
• Teachers: Ensure that all educational material is visible
• Family: Work within communication distance
• Family: Adapt language to cover emotions etc
What are some causes of early onset acquired nystagmus?
• Optic chiasm tumours (once in 10 years)
• Posterior fossa tumours (four in 10 years
NOT the same in different positions of gaze
What are the conclusions of nystagmus?
•Nystagmus is not a diagnosis
•It’s a clinical sign
• The cause needs to be found
•The condition explained
•And action taken (as needed)
What are the 9 types of nystagmus?
• Jerk nystagmus
• Pendular nystagmus
• Downbeat nystagmus
• Upbeat nystagmus
• SeeSaw nystagmus
• Convergence retraction nystagmus
• Oculopalatal myoclonus
• Superior oblique myokymia
• Voluntary nystagmus
