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HAP FINAL - CK > Week 10 - musculoskeletal and neuro > Flashcards

Week 10 - musculoskeletal and neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Pronator Drift test is one of the most sensitive tests for

A

upper extremity weakness

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2
Q

Abnormal finding with pronator drift

A

arms drop down very quickly

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3
Q

What can a positive Straight Leg Raise test (Laségue Test) indicate?

A

when there is pain, the test is positive and can indicate HERNIATED lumbar disc and nerve irritation/pressure

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4
Q

Phalen’s Sign

A

Inverted prayer - there should be no pain or discomfort (assesses for carpel tunnel)

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5
Q

Positive Tinel’s Sign

A

Pain when tapping medial nerve (assesses for carpel tunnel)

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6
Q

What is the #1 predictor of falls in the elderly?

A

history of falls!

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7
Q

What is the only movable joint in the head?

A 
temperomandibular joint (TMJ)
Can move vertically, laterally, protrusion (in/out)
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8
Q

Alexander technique

A

through voice and gentle touch, participants led through movements to improve posture during sitting, standing, and walking

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9
Q

Traeger Therapy

A

goal is to provide deep relaxation and increase mobility

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10
Q

Feldenkrais technique

A

Participants are led by verbal suggestion through an exploratory movement process
Focuses on improving functional awareness and expanding the repertoire of movement patterns

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11
Q

Neuro health history ?’s

A

Hx of seizure disorder, TIA, stroke, fainting, blackouts, meningitis, alcoholism, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, mental health dysfunction

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12
Q

Romberg test

A

stand w/ feet together, close eyes. Slight swaying is normal.
Falling can occur in PTs w/ MS, drunk, loss of vestibular function

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13
Q

Tandem walking

A

PT walks in straight line, heel to toe (accentuates gait problems)

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14
Q

increased touch sensation

A

hyperesthesia

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15
Q

reduced touch sensation

A

hypoesthesia

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16
Q

absent touch sensation

A

anesthesia

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17
Q

Stereognosis (evaluates cortical sensory function)

A

place a familiar object in the patient’s palm (e.g. paper clip) ask PT to identify it

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18
Q

Graphesthesia (evaluates cortical sensory function)

A

trace a # on PT’s palm w/ a blunt object (e.g. finger) and ask PT to identify number

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19
Q

inability to identify objects correctly

A

astereognosis

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20
Q

headache history- what are signs of increased ICP

A

pain worse in the AM on awakening & pain precipitated by straining/sneezing

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21
Q

Cogwheel rigidity

A

small, regular jerks during rotating movements of wrist and hand (parkinson’s)

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22
Q

indicative of UPPER motor neuron lesions (from strokes, tumors)

A

hyperreflexia

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23
Q

indicative of LOWER motor neuron lesions (from spinal cord injury)

A

hyporeflexia

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24
Q

Stroke recognition FAST

A

F- face (ask person to smile, look for droopiness)
A-arms (raise both arms, does one drift)
S- speech (is speech slurred?)
T-time (call 911 if you observe these signs!)

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25
Q

What’s always the 1st step when there’s a musculoskeletal injury?

A

compare L and R for symmetry

26
Q

Phalen and Tinel tests can test for

A

carpel tunnel syndrome

27
Q

Bulge and ballottement tests look for

A

effusion in the knee joint

28
Q

McMurray test assesses for

A

meniscus tears in the knee

29
Q

The Thomas Test is used to identify

A

flexion contracture of the hip

30
Q

The Drawer test is for

A

knee injury

31
Q

Trendelenberg test is for

A

hip disease (lift one leg and see if you tip to side)

32
Q

When doing an assessment of the spine of an older adult, you can expect to see which variation?

A

Kyphosis (hunchback)

33
Q

fasciculation

A

involuntary twitching

34
Q

tremors

A

involuntary contractions of muscles

35
Q

atony

A

lack of tone or strength

36
Q

spasticity

A

muscle tone is hypertonic so the muscles are stiff and movements awkward

37
Q

Post hip replacement, which assessment technique should you avoid?

A

adduction (could cause fake hip to dislocate)

38
Q

1,200 mg of calcium

A

recommended daily amt to consume for bone health

39
Q

What 3 functions are assessed on the glasgow coma scale?

A

verbal response, eye opening, and motor response

15: best
3 or less: totally unresponsive

40
Q

Innervation of the arm roughly correlates with which parts of the spinal cord?

A

C5 to T1

41
Q

Innervation of the chest correlates with:

A

T1 to T8

42
Q

Innervation of the abdomen corresponds with

A

T9 to T12

43
Q

Innervation of the legs corresponds with

A

L1 to S1

44
Q

When discussing care for a patient with back pain, the nurse should particularly alert the assistant to watch for

A

bowel/bladder incontinence (can occur with spinal cord injury at any level)

45
Q

Cluster headache

A

pain is usually on one side of head with lacrimation and nasal congestion

46
Q

Tension headache

A

typically mild or moderate, often bilateral, “pressing” or “tightening” pain (not sharp)

47
Q

Crepitation

A

dry, crackling sound or sensation that occurs with joint movement

48
Q

Muscle strength grading

A

● 0 = no evidence of contractility
● 1 = slight evidence of contractility
● 2 = ROM with gravity eliminated
● 3 = ROM with gravity
● 4 = ROM against gravity with some resistance
● 5 = ROM against gravity with full resistance

49
Q

common symptoms associated with neuro system include

A

headace, weakness, blurred vision, impaired motor function, and impaired speech

50
Q

Clinical situations that require urgent communication of neurological assessment findings include

A

a change in LOC,
pupillary reaction, and
verbal or motor response.

51
Q

Cranial nerves 1, 2, 3:

A

○ I: Olfactory - smell
○ II: Optic - visual acuity, visual fields, ocular fundi, pupillary reactions
○ III: Oculomotor - pupillary reactions, extraocular movements (including opening of the eyes)

52
Q

Cranial nerves 4, 5, 6

A

○ IV: Trochlear - extraocular movements
○ V: Trigeminal - facial sensation, movements of the jaw, corneal reflexes, voice and speech
○ VI: Abducens - extraocular movements

53
Q

Cranial nerves 7, 8, 9

A

○ VII: Facial - facial movements and gustation, voice and speech
○ VIII: Vestibulocochlear - hearing and balance
○ IX: Glossopharyngeal - swallowing, elevation of the palate, gag reflex, gustation

54
Q

Cranial nerves 10, 11, 12

A

○ X: Vagus - swallowing, elevation of the palate, gag reflex, gustation, voice and speech
○ XI: Accessory - shrugging shoulders and turning head
○ XII: Hypoglossal - movement and protrusion of tongue, voice and speech

55
Q

Cerebellar function

A

movement, coordination, balance

56
Q

Grading scale of Deep tendon reflexes (DTRs)

A 
●	0 - no response 
●	1+ - diminished, low normal
●	2+ - average, normal
●	3+ - brisker than average, high normal
●	4+ - hyperactive with clonus
57
Q

Clonus

A

repeated muscular movements (jerking)

58
Q

Intention tremor

A

absent at rest and increases with movement

59
Q

babinski reflex

A

toes should fan out when testing plantar reflex

60
Q

migraine aura

A

indicates either cortical or brainstem dysfunction

61
Q

migraine headaces

A

typically last 4-72 hours and are accompanied by at least one of the following: nausea, vomiting, phonophobia, or photophobia

62
Q

the PT with a head injury and increasing ICP is likely to have which assessment findings?

A

decreased LOC and sluggish pupil

HAP FINAL - CK (9 decks)

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