Week 10. Human Energy Requirements Flashcards
For a woman between 60 and 65kg, how much weight does she put on in pregnancy on average?
12.5kg
What makes up this weight?
- Products of conception (just over 1/3 of weight)
- foetus
- placenta
- amniotic fluid - Maternal tissues (just under 2/3)
- Fat stores (most of the weight)
- ECF
- breasts and uterus
- blood
What is the energy cost of pregnancy? Include a breakdown
360MJ.
Increased fat stores - 150MJ
Maternal tissues - 50MJ
Increased energy requirement of new tissue - 160MJ
When is BMR highest?
Infancy
What is the contributor to BMR in infancy and in adulthood?
Infancy - brain
adulthood - liver and muscles
How in infant growth characterised?
Rapid, decelerating rate
How is infant growth led?
Nutrient led and insulin regulated.
Switches to GH from 2-3
Why are infants vulnerable?
- dependant on carer
- high growth potential
- high nutritional needs, low stores
- physiologically immature
Outline childhood growth.
- slow and GH led
- growth according to a genetically predetermined centile
- deviation from centile indicates under/over nutrition
Which type of injury has the highest energy requirement?
Burns, as they increase BMR and there’s a loss of body lean/fat
How is the ebb phase defined and how long does it last?
- lasts a few hours
- depression of metabolic function, decrease in energy expenditure?
What increases during the ebb phase?
Adrenaline, cortisol, glucagon
What happens to glycogen and fatty acids in the ebb phase?
Muscle and liver breaks it down for glucose
Adipose breaks down TAG into fatty acids
How is the flow phase defined?
Hypermetabolic phase, lasts a few weeks. Intensity matches severity of trauma.
What physiological changes occur in the flow phase?
- increased heat production
- increased BMR
- increased pulse
- increase ventilation rate
