Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Health Assessment > Week 10 HA > Flashcards

Week 10 HA Flashcards

1
Q

What does OLDCARTS stand for?

A

Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggravating/Alleviating factors, Radiation, Timing, Severity

OLDCARTS is a mnemonic used to systematically assess pain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the systemic/constitutional symptoms to ask about in a patient with joint pain?

A
  • Fever
  • Chills
  • Night sweats
  • Weight loss
  • Fatigue
  • Rash
  • Recent infections
  • History of cancer or autoimmune disease

These symptoms help rule in/out systemic causes like RA, lupus, septic arthritis, or malignancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List 5 red flags of low back pain.

A
  • History of cancer
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Immunosuppression
  • History of intravenous drug use
  • Bladder or bowel dysfunction

Additional red flags include age >50, trauma, night pain, fever, or neurological deficits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the mnemonic IPROMS stand for?

A

Inspection, Palpation, Range of Motion, Other (Special tests), Muscle Strength, Stability

IPROMS is a systematic approach to the musculoskeletal exam.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 4 signs of inflammation?

A
  • Redness (rubor)
  • Swelling (tumor)
  • Heat (calor)
  • Pain (dolor)

Loss of function is also considered a 5th sign in some texts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do you evaluate neurovascular function?

A
  • Sensation
  • Motor
  • Reflexes
  • Pulses
  • Capillary Refill

Each component assesses different aspects of neurovascular integrity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does SITS refer to?

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres Minor
  • Subscapularis

These are the four muscles of the rotator cuff.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the Ottawa Ankle Rules?

A

X-ray required if:
* Pain in malleolar zone with tenderness at lateral/medial malleolus
* Inability to bear weight
* Pain in midfoot zone with tenderness at base of 5th metatarsal/navicular

These rules help determine the necessity of imaging after ankle or foot injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the Crossover Test evaluate?

A

AC joint

A positive sign is pain at the AC joint, indicating AC arthritis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the Apley Scratch Test assess?

A

Shoulder ROM

Limited ROM or pain suggests rotator cuff disorder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the positive sign for the Neer Test?

A

Pain with forward flexion

This indicates rotator cuff tendinitis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is assessed in the Hawkins Test?

A

Impingement

A positive sign is pain with internal rotation, indicating subacromial impingement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the External Rotation Lag Test evaluate?

A

Infraspinatus/supraspinatus function

A positive sign is arm rotating inward, indicating a rotator cuff tear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the Internal Rotation Lag Test assess?

A

Subscapularis function

A positive sign is the hand falling to the back, indicating a subscapularis tear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Drop Arm Test used for?

A

Supraspinatus function

A positive sign is inability to lower the arm slowly, indicating a supraspinatus tear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the Empty Can Test evaluate?

A

Supraspinatus function

A positive sign is pain/weakness, indicating a supraspinatus issue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the Finkelstein Test used for?

A

Thumb tendons

A positive sign is pain with ulnar deviation, indicating De Quervain’s.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the McMurray Test assess?

A

Meniscus

A positive sign is a click or pain, indicating a meniscal tear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is tested with the Valgus Stress Test?

A

MCL

A positive sign is pain/laxity, indicating an MCL injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does the Anterior Drawer Test evaluate?

A

ACL

A positive sign is tibial movement forward, indicating an ACL tear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the Trendelenburg Test assess?

A

Hip abductors

A positive sign is pelvis dropping on the opposite side, indicating weakness in the gluteus medius.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the key components of a musculoskeletal history?

A
  • OLDCARTS
  • Mechanism of Injury (MOI)
  • Review of Systems (ROS)
  • Functional impact
  • Joint-specific questions
  • Red flags screening

Each component is crucial for a comprehensive musculoskeletal assessment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the grading levels of muscle strength?

A
  • 0: No contraction
  • 1: Flicker
  • 2: Active movement without gravity
  • 3: Active movement against gravity
  • 4: Active movement against some resistance
  • 5: Normal strength

This grading system helps assess muscle function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are common anatomical landmarks to palpate in the hand and wrist?

A
  • Heberden nodes (DIP)
  • Bouchard nodes (PIP)
  • Anatomical snuffbox
  • MCP subluxation
  • Ulnar deviation

These landmarks are important for identifying pathologies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the significance of the Galeazzi or Allis Sign?

A

Testing for femoral length discrepancy or hip dislocation

A positive sign shows one knee appears lower when hips and knees are flexed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What does the assessment for scoliosis involve?

A

Testing spinal asymmetry

A positive sign is asymmetric shoulder height or rib hump with forward bending.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the term for the movement of the wrist that involves flexion, extension, radial & ulnar deviation?

A

Wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the movements associated with the fingers?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What movements occur in the spine?

A

Flexion, extension, lateral bending, rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the movements of the hip joint?

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal & external rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the primary movements of the knee?

A

Flexion, extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What movements are associated with the ankle?

A

Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, inversion, eversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the movements of the toes?

A

Flexion, extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What does a muscle strength grade of 0 indicate?

A

No contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What does a muscle strength grade of 1 indicate?

A

Flicker or trace of contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What does a muscle strength grade of 2 signify?

A

Active movement with gravity eliminated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What does a muscle strength grade of 3 mean?

A

Active movement against gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What does a muscle strength grade of 4 indicate?

A

Active movement against gravity + some resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is a muscle strength grade of 5 considered?

A

Normal strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What does the Crossover Adduction test assess?

A

AC joint pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What does a positive result in the Crossover Adduction test indicate?

A

Pain over AC joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What does the Apley Scratch Test evaluate?

A

Shoulder rotation and flexibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is indicated by pain or limited range of motion in the Apley Scratch Test?

A

Positive result

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What condition does the Painful Arc test for?

A

Subacromial impingement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What is indicated by pain between 60°-120° in the Painful Arc test?

A

Positive result

46
Q

What does the Neer test assess?

A

Impingement (supraspinatus/bursa)

47
Q

What indicates a positive Neer test?

A

Pain with forward flexion

48
Q

What does the Hawkins test evaluate?

A

Impingement (supraspinatus)

49
Q

What does a positive Hawkins test indicate?

A

Pain with internal rotation

50
Q

What condition does the Drop Arm test assess?

A

Rotator cuff tear

51
Q

What indicates a positive Drop Arm test?

A

Inability to hold arm abducted

52
Q

What does the Empty Can/Full Can test assess?

A

Supraspinatus strength

53
Q

What indicates weakness or pain in the Empty Can/Full Can test?

A

Positive result

54
Q

What does the External/Internal Rotation Lag test assess?

A

Rotator cuff tears

55
Q

What indicates a positive External/Internal Rotation Lag test?

A

Inability to maintain rotation

56
Q

What does the Finkelstein test evaluate?

A

de Quervain tenosynovitis

57
Q

What indicates a positive Finkelstein test?

A

Pain over radial styloid with thumb grasp/flexion

58
Q

What does Tinel’s Sign test for?

A

Carpal Tunnel

59
Q

What indicates a positive Tinel’s Sign?

A

Tingling in median nerve distribution

60
Q

What does Phalen’s Test evaluate?

A

Carpal Tunnel

61
Q

What indicates a positive Phalen’s Test?

A

Numbness/tingling in median distribution

62
Q

What does the Thumb Abduction test assess?

A

Median nerve/muscle weakness

63
Q

What indicates a positive Thumb Abduction test?

A

Weakness against resistance

64
Q

What does the McMurray test evaluate?

A

Meniscal tear

65
Q

What indicates a positive McMurray test?

A

Click or pain with rotation

66
Q

What does the Valgus (abduction) Stress test assess?

67
Q

What indicates a positive Valgus Stress test?

A

Laxity/pain medial side

68
Q

What does the Varus (adduction) Stress test evaluate?

69
Q

What indicates a positive Varus Stress test?

A

Laxity/pain lateral side

70
Q

What does the Anterior Drawer test assess?

71
Q

What indicates a positive Anterior Drawer test?

A

Excessive forward tibial movement

72
Q

What does the Lachman test evaluate?

73
Q

What indicates a positive Lachman test?

A

Forward movement, soft endpoint

74
Q

What does the Posterior Drawer test assess?

75
Q

What indicates a positive Posterior Drawer test?

A

Posterior tibial movement

76
Q

What does the Straight Leg Raise test evaluate?

A

Lumbar radiculopathy (L5/S1)

77
Q

What indicates a positive Straight Leg Raise test?

A

Pain in leg between 30-70° elevation

78
Q

What does the Crossed Straight Leg test assess?

A

Herniated disc

79
Q

What indicates a positive Crossed Straight Leg test?

A

Pain in affected leg when opposite leg raised

80
Q

What does the Spurling test evaluate?

A

Cervical radiculopathy

81
Q

What indicates a positive Spurling test?

A

Reproduced arm pain/tingling

82
Q

What does the Thompson Test assess?

A

Achilles tendon rupture

83
Q

What indicates a positive Thompson Test?

A

No plantarflexion with calf squeeze

84
Q

What does the Talar Tilt Test evaluate?

A

Lateral ankle ligaments

85
Q

What indicates a positive Talar Tilt Test?

A

Excessive inversion

86
Q

What does the Barlow-Ortolani test assess?

A

Congenital hip dislocation

87
Q

What indicates a positive Barlow-Ortolani test?

A

“Clunk” with maneuver

88
Q

What does the Galeazzi Sign evaluate?

A

Hip dislocation

89
Q

What indicates a positive Galeazzi Sign?

A

Asymmetrical knee height when hips/knees flexed

90
Q

What does the Trendelenburg test assess?

A

Gluteus medius weakness

91
Q

What indicates a positive Trendelenburg test?

A

Pelvic drop on contralateral side when standing

92
Q

What does the Scoliosis Screen evaluate?

A

Curvature of spine

93
Q

What indicates a positive Scoliosis Screen?

A

Rib hump when bending forward

94
Q

What does the IPROMS mnemonic stand for?

A

Inspection, Palpation, Range of motion, Other, Muscle strength, Sensory/motor/reflex/neurovascular assessment

95
Q

What are the four signs of inflammation?

A

Redness, warmth, swelling, pain

96
Q

What should be checked during a neurovascular assessment?

A

Motor, Sensation, Pulses

97
Q

What is the normal finding for hip dysplasia screening in infants?

A

Positive sign = palpable clunk

98
Q

What is Genu Varum?

A

Bowlegs, normal until ~18–24 months

99
Q

What is Genu Valgum?

A

Knock-knees, common ages 3–5; should resolve by age 7–8

100
Q

What is Tibial Torsion?

A

Common cause of in-toeing in toddlers

101
Q

What is Nursemaid’s Elbow?

A

Common subluxation of the radial head in toddlers from arm pulling

102
Q

What does the Adams forward bend test assess?

A

Scoliosis screening

103
Q

What are the key considerations for older adults during a musculoskeletal exam?

A

Decreased muscle mass and strength, reduced joint flexibility and ROM, increased kyphosis

104
Q

What is a recommended screening for osteoporosis in women?

A

DEXA scans for women ≥65 years and younger postmenopausal women with risk factors

105
Q

What are the key components of fall prevention?

A

Exercise, vision care, address home hazards

106
Q

What does the OLDCARTS acronym stand for in history taking?

A

Onset, Location, Duration, Characteristics, Aggravating factors, Relieving factors, Timing, Severity

107
Q

What is the significance of assessing gait and balance in older adults?

A

To evaluate fall risk

108
Q

What dietary recommendations are made for osteoporosis prevention?

A

Calcium (1,000–1,200 mg/day) and Vitamin D (800–1,000 IU/day) intake

109
Q

What is the importance of addressing modifiable risks in osteoporosis?

A

To prevent fractures and maintain bone health

110
Q

What are common signs of joint pain in older adults?

A

Common in OA; morning stiffness that improves (RA, PMR)

111
Q

What should be done if a patient presents with low back pain?

A

Identify red flags for serious underlying conditions

Health Assessment (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions