week 10- cancer

Question 1

what are the stages of the cell cycle where things can go wrong

Answer 1

Gene expression
Cell signaling
The cytoskeleton and the cell cycle
Studying the cell cycle, cell survival, and cell death

Question 2

what is a tumour

Answer 2

Abnormal and excessive growth of cells

Question 3

what is the pathological features of cancer

Answer 3

Unrestrained proliferation is just one feature.

Question 4

types of Tumors

Answer 4

Carcinomas: Arise from epithelial cells.
Sarcomas: Arise from connective tissues.
Both can be deadly if malignant.

Question 5

Tumor Classification

Answer 5

Benign tumors grow slowly, don’t invade other tissues.
Malignant tumors spread rapidly, invade nearby tissues.

Question 6

a -sarcoma’

Answer 6

is a connective tissue cancer

Question 7

‘-carcinoma’

Answer 7

epitheal cell cancer

Question 8

‘-oma

Answer 8

tumouos growth

Question 9

Adeno

Answer 9

cellular arrangement seen in glands.

Question 10

what are the 2 factors of cancer

Answer 10

genetic and environment

Question 11

how is cancer caused

Answer 11

faulty genes

Question 12

what are the effects of the faulty genes

Answer 12

then that is a loss-of-function mutation

gain-of-function

Question 13

what is an example of a loss of function gene

Answer 13

loss of a protein that is required for a cell cycle checkpoint to operate normally.

Question 14

what is an example of a gain in function gene

Answer 14

it may cause inappropriate production of an enzyme, or activate a regulated pathway when there is no signal for it.