Week # 10 Acid-Base Balance/Respiratory Chemistries & Arterial Blood Gas Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What is an acid?

A

a molecule that donates protons (H+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a base?

A

a molecule that accepts protons (H+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a buffer?

A

any substance that can reversibly bind hydrogen ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name a few buffers.

A

in plasma: bicarb, hemoglobin, proteins

in urine: phosphate, ammonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When the renal buffer system compensates for changes in pH, how long does it take to notice the compensation?

A

appreciable response in 12-24 hours, but max response takes up to 3-5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the definition of anion gap?

A

the difference between the major measured cations and major measured anions

(Na+ + K+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)
normal range = 7-14 mEq/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does pKa represent?

A

the pH at which a drug is 50% ionized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is another name for non-anion gap acidosis?

A

hyperchloremic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The weaker the acid, the ______ the base.

A

stronger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The weaker the base, the ______ the acid.

A

stronger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Identify this ABG:

pH=7.21, PaCO2=40, HCO3=15.6

A

metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Identify this ABG:

pH=7.34, PaCO2=28, HCO3=19

A

compensated metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Identify this ABG:

pH=7.51, PaCO2=39, HCO3=31

A

metabolic alkalosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Identify this ABG:

pH=7.1, PaCO2=55, HCO3=22

A

respiratory acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Identify this ABG:

pH=7.33, PaCO2=56, HCO3=30

A

compensated respiratory acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Identify this ABG:

pH=7.57, PaCO2=24, HCO3=23

A

respiratory alkalosis

17
Q

What are the order and components analyzed in blood gas analysis? (i got this from the study guide, I apologize for the length)

A
  1. Examine arterial pH: Is acidemia or alkalemia present?
  2. Examine PaCO2: Is the change in PaCO2 consistent with a respiratory component?
  3. If the change in PaCO2 does not explain the change in arterial pH, does the change in [HCO3–] indicate a metabolic component?
  4. Make a tentative diagnosis (see Table 30–1).
  5. Compare the change in [HCO3–] with the change in PaCO2. Does a compensatory response exist (Table 30–7)?
  6. If the compensatory response is more or less than expected, by definition a mixed acid–base disorder exists.
  7. Calculate the plasma anion gap in the case of metabolic acidosis.
  8. Measure urinary chloride concentration in the case of metabolic alkalosis.
18
Q

Which will equilibrate in solution: weak acids or strong acids?

A

weak acids

19
Q

Which will go to completion in a solution: weak acids or strong acids?

A

strong acids

20
Q

Which side of this equation is the conjugate base and which side is the conjugate acid?

LA + H+ —–> LAH+

A

LA + H+ ——-> LAH+
(conjugate (conjugate
base) acid)

21
Q

The pH, HCO3-, and H+ could be changed by what 3 things?

A
  1. PaCO2
  2. total amount of weak acids (ATOT)
  3. strong ion difference (SID)
    (Na+) - (Cl- + HCO3-)
22
Q

Minute ventilation is mediated by central chemoreceptors in the brain stem. These changes are made in response to a change in ___ in the _____.

A

H+ in the cerebral spinal fluid

23
Q

Are the kidneys able to eliminate acids from the body?

A

yes…. how nice.