Week 10 Flashcards
What are the consequences of decreased balance?
How prevalent are deaths from falls in older adults?
What factors can increase fall risk?
Define balance
What factors influence balance?
Define COM, COG, momentum, BOS, and LOS
What happens if COM moves outside of boundary?
What factors affect COG and LOS?
Which factors are responsible for maintaining balance control?
How does the body control balance?
Explain the somatosensory system
Explain the visual system
Explain the vestibular system
What type of sensory information can be achieved from the 3 balance systems?
How are sensory inputs integrated centrally?
Define motor programing
What are the adaptive motor strategies?
Explain wight shift strategy and suspension strategy. When do they occur?
Explain ankle strategy
Explain hip strategy
For an appropriate motor response, what do you assess?
What is the sequence for motor systems of balance?
What are some additional influential factors that can affect balance/motor learning?
Describe the dynamic equilibrium model
Describe the systems model
Describe the constraint (ecological) model
What is an important first step to take when coming up with an exercise to prescribe?
What is the MIDF for balance?
Explain treatment progression
What are the treatment principles?
When prescribing a balance intervention, what factors should be considered when creating MIDF?
(Example) what are the questions in dynamic gait index score?
total 7 components. Scored out of 24 possible points
(Example) what is the berg balance test?
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
Please demonstrate each task and/or give instructions as written. When scoring, please record the lowest response category that applies for each item.
In most items, the subject is asked to maintain a given position for specific time. Progressively more points are deducted if the time or distance requirements are not met, if the subject’s performance warrants supervision, or if the subject touches an external support or receives assistance from the examiner. Subjects should understand that they must maintain their balance while attempting the tasks. The choices of which leg to stand on or how far to reach are left to the subject. Poor judgment will adversely influence the performance and the scoring.
Equipment required for testing are a stopwatch or watch with a second hand, and a ruler or other indicator of 2, 5 and 10 inches (5, 12.5 and 25 cm). Chairs used during testing should be of reasonable height. Either a step or a stool (of average step height) may be used for item #12.
(Example) what is the POMA test?
Completion time: 10-15 minutes
Scoring: a three point ordinal scale, ranging from 0-2. “0” indicates the highest level of impairment and “2” the individuals independence
Interpretation: 24-28 low fall risk. 19-23 medium fall risk. <19 high fall risk
(Example) what is CTSIB-M test?
What is the intervention ladder?
what is motor control?
Which components of motor control does the PT consider when assessing?
Explain the individual, environment, and task components of motor learning
What is motor learning?
What does it take for the orchestration of motor control?
What are the stages of motor learning?
Describe the cognitive stage
Describe the associative stage
Describe the autonomous stage
Explain motor training
Explain how motor control is gained and stored
Explain neuromuscular training
Give examples of deep stabilizers vs superficial movers
Explain stabilizers
Explain mobilizers
Which muscles are classified as global mobilizers?
hamstrings
SCM
Erector spinae
Gastroc
Lat dorsi
Rectus abdominals
What can be classified as evidence of muscle dysfunction?
- Global imbalance between the mono-articular stabilizers and bi-articular mobilizers (aka motor coordination impairment)
*Example: A patient raises arms overhead to reach into cabinet and lumbar extension is observed. (Is lumbar extension needed to reach overhead? The lats like to be very active and can lead to excessive motion at the lumbar spine which is generally ineffecitve and inefficient use of mechanical energy) - Imbalance between the global stability and mobility muscles can be influenced by:
- Poor movement habits
- Poor posture alignment
- Abnormal neurodynamic sensitization (avoiding nerve pain)
- Can present as alterations in the functional length and recruitment of muscles and results in abnormal force contribution by the muscles around a motion segment
what is muscle synergy? Give examples
What causes poor muscle coordination?
What are the consequences of pain on motor coordination?
What is the mode for balance/motor coordination?
What is the intensity for balance/motor coordination?
What is the duration for balance/motor coordination?
What is the frequency for balance/motor coordination?
What is the evidence of motor learning and improved motor control?
What are some additional questions to consider when establishing an intervention?
What drives the treatment strategy? Define the components
How to know what mode of exercise to prescribe?
What are the indications for motor control interventions?
What does motor coordination improve? What is its goal?
What are some exercises for controlled mobility of the spine?
What are these exercises for?
controlled mobility of the spine
What are some exercise for motor coordination to target specific muscle synergy group?
What are some motor coordination exercises that target a specific muscle?
What are some exercises for co-contraction and stability?
What are some exercises for motor coordination of the lower & upper quarter dissociation of LE/UE from spine and pelvis?
What are some motor coordination exercises for the lower quarter dissociation of LE from spine and pelvis?
What are these exercises an example of?
What are these exercises an example of?
motor coordination for the lower quarter dissociation of LE from spine and pelvis
What are some examples of motor coordination exercises tat target a coordinated reaction to perturbation?
Give examples of functional movement patterns
How do you manage decision making for dosage?
What are some examples of activity restrictions, participation restrictions, and body function issues in the ICF model?
How do you know if you accomplished the motor control treatment goal?
What are the aspects of spinal stability?
How do you retrain craniocervical flexors/
How do you retrain cervical extensors?
How do you progress cervical rotation?
What questions should you ask when assessing cervical stabilization exercises with progressive limb loading?
Give examples of maximum to moderate protection phase exercises
Give examples of moderate to minimum protection phase
Give examples of minimum to no protection phase
What can you do to progress exercises that include stabilization with UE perturbations?
Give examples of progressed exercises maximum to moderate protection phase
Give examples of progressed exercises moderate to minimum protection phase
Give examples of progressed exercises minimum to no protection phase
What are scapular stabilization exercises? Give examples
What are these exercises?
What are these exercises?
Give examples of closed chain shoulder girdle stabilization exercises
Provide example of exercises to treat TMJ
What are lumbar stabilization exercises? How can they include progressive limb loading?
Give an example of a lumbar stabilization exercise and how it can include LE perturbations
What are these exercises?
What are these exercises for?
How do you progress exercises to include stabilization with LE perturbations?
What are these exercises?
What are these exercises?
What are these exercises?
What are these exercises?
What are some variations and progressions of lumbar exercises?
